Rheumatology Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Lupus. 2020 Oct;29(12):1638-1643. doi: 10.1177/0961203320947151. Epub 2020 Aug 2.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune multi-systemic disorder of the connective tissue, characterized mainly by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It affects females particularly at childbearing age more commonly than males. Lupus nephritis affects around half of patients with SLE. Data about SLE and lupus nephritis in Saudi Arabia are still scarce. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical and laboratory findings of SLE and different histological types of lupus nephritis among Saudi patients at King Fahad Medical City.
This is a retrospective study for adult patients who have been evaluated at king Fahad medical city between 2014 and 2019 and fulfilled the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria (SLICC).
112 patients, 103 (92%) females and 9 (8%) males, with confirmed diagnoses of SLE were reviewed. Skin rash (69.6%), photosensitivity (61.6%), mucosal ulcerations (45.9%), arthralgia and/or arthritis (44.6%) are the most common clinical features. Ninety seven (86.6%) out of 112 patients had a recorded first visit 24 hour urine protein level, out of those only 26 (23.2) patients presented with significant proteinuria of more than 0.5grams per day. Forty four (39.2%) have undergone kidney biopsy. Class IV and III lupus nephritis are the most common reported biopsy results (43.18% and 27.28% respectively). During the study period, three patients (2.7%) developed end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis and five (4.5%) had renal transplant.
Our study provided insight on the demographics, characteristics and presentation of SLE patients and the outcome of lupus nephritis in Saudi Arabia.
系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种慢性自身免疫性多系统结缔组织疾病，主要表现为皮肤、关节、肾脏和浆膜受累。它尤其常见于生育期女性，男性发病率较低。狼疮肾炎影响约一半的 SLE 患者。关于沙特阿拉伯的 SLE 和狼疮肾炎的数据仍然很少。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估沙特阿拉伯国王费萨尔医疗城的沙特患者中 SLE 的患病率、临床和实验室发现以及不同组织学类型的狼疮肾炎。
这是一项回顾性研究，纳入了 2014 年至 2019 年在国王费萨尔医疗城接受评估且符合系统性红斑狼疮国际合作临床分类标准（SLICC）的成年患者。
共回顾了 112 例确诊为 SLE 的患者，其中 103 例（92%）为女性，9 例（8%）为男性。最常见的临床特征是皮疹（69.6%）、光过敏（61.6%）、黏膜溃疡（45.9%）、关节痛和/或关节炎（44.6%）。112 例患者中有 97 例（86.6%）记录了首次就诊时的 24 小时尿蛋白水平，其中只有 26 例（23.2%）患者表现出明显的蛋白尿（超过 0.5 克/天）。44 例（39.2%）患者接受了肾活检。报告的最常见活检结果是 IV 类和 III 类狼疮肾炎（分别为 43.18%和 27.28%）。在研究期间，有 3 例（2.7%）患者发展为终末期肾病需要透析，5 例（4.5%）患者进行了肾移植。
本研究提供了沙特阿拉伯 SLE 患者的人口统计学、特征和表现以及狼疮肾炎结局的见解。
