Xiao Bo-Duan, Zhao Yu-Jia, Jia Xiao-Yuan, Wu Jiong, Wang Yi-Gang, Huang Fang
Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China.
Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
World J Stem Cells. 2020 Jun 26;12(6):481-487. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i6.481.
Cancer cells possess metabolic properties that are different from those of benign cells. p21, encoded by gene, also named p21, was first identified as a cyclin-dependent kinase regulator that suppresses cell cycle G1/S phase and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. (p21) acts as the downstream target gene of (p53), and its expression is induced by wild-type p53 and it is not associated with mutant p53. p21 has been characterized as a vital regulator that involves multiple cell functions, including G1/S cell cycle progression, cell growth, DNA damage, and cell stemness. In 1994, p21 was found as a tumor suppressor in brain, lung and colon cancer by targeting p53 and was associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Notably, p21 plays a significant role in tumor development through p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. In addition, expression of p21 is closely related to the resting state or terminal differentiation of cells. p21 is also associated with cancer stem cells and acts as a biomarker for such cells. In cancer therapy, given the importance of p21 in regulating the G1/S and G2 check points, it is not surprising that p21 is implicated in response to many cancer treatments and p21 promotes the effect of oncolytic virotherapy.
癌细胞具有与良性细胞不同的代谢特性。由基因编码的p21，也称为p21，最初被鉴定为一种细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶调节剂，可抑制细胞周期G1/S期和视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白磷酸化。（p21）作为（p53）的下游靶基因，其表达由野生型p53诱导，与突变型p53无关。p21已被表征为一种重要的调节剂，涉及多种细胞功能，包括G1/S细胞周期进程、细胞生长、DNA损伤和细胞干性。1994年，p21通过靶向p53被发现为脑癌、肺癌和结肠癌中的肿瘤抑制因子，并与肿瘤发生和转移相关。值得注意的是，p21通过p53依赖性和p53非依赖性途径在肿瘤发展中发挥重要作用。此外，p21的表达与细胞的静止状态或终末分化密切相关。p21还与癌症干细胞相关，并作为此类细胞的生物标志物。在癌症治疗中，鉴于p21在调节G1/S和G2检查点中的重要性，p21参与许多癌症治疗的反应并促进溶瘤病毒疗法的效果也就不足为奇了。
