University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (W.W.L.).
Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (S.R.R.).
Ann Intern Med. 2020 Aug 4;173(3):ITC17-ITC32. doi: 10.7326/AITC202008040.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and progressive airflow obstruction. Tobacco smoking is the leading cause but not the only one. A postbronchodilator FEV-FVC ratio less than 0.70 is required for a diagnosis of COPD. Inhaler therapy is the backbone of treatment and should be complemented by a multifaceted management strategy that includes counseling and pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, treatment of comorbidities, administration of influenza and pneumococcal immunizations, and prescription of long-term oxygen therapy in hypoxemic patients.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的特征是持续性呼吸道症状和进行性气流受限。吸烟是主要病因，但并非唯一病因。诊断 COPD 需要存在支气管扩张剂后一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）占用力肺活量（FVC）的比值＜0.70。吸入治疗是治疗的基础，应辅以多方面的管理策略，包括对戒烟的咨询和药物治疗、肺康复、治疗合并症、对流感和肺炎球菌进行免疫接种，以及对低氧血症患者开具长期氧疗处方。
