Department of Psychology, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
J Mot Behav. 2021;53(4):483-498. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1802216. Epub 2020 Aug 4.
In speed-based sports that require fast reactions, the most accurate predictions are made once the players have seen the ball trajectory. However, waiting for the ball trajectory does not leave enough time for appropriate reactions. Expert athletes use kinematic information which they extract from the opponent's movements to anticipate the ball trajectory. Temporal occlusion, where only a part of the full movement sequence is presented, has often been used to research anticipation in sports. Unlike many previous studies, we chose occlusion points in video-stimuli of penalty shooting in handball based on the domain-specific analysis of movement sequences. Instead of relying on randomly chosen occlusion points, each time point in our study revealed a specific chunk of information about the direction of the ball. The multivariate analysis showed that handball goalkeepers were not only more accurate and faster than novices overall when predicting where the ball will end up, but that experts and novices also made their decisions based on different kinds of movement sequences. These findings underline the importance of kinematic knowledge for anticipation, but they also demonstrate the significance of carefully chosen occlusion points.
在需要快速反应的速度型运动中，一旦运动员看到球的轨迹，就能做出最准确的预测。然而，等待球的轨迹并没有留出足够的时间做出适当的反应。专家运动员利用从对手动作中提取的运动学信息来预测球的轨迹。时相遮挡，即只呈现完整运动序列的一部分，常用于研究运动中的预判。与许多先前的研究不同，我们根据运动序列的特定领域分析，在手球点球射门的视频刺激中选择遮挡点。在我们的研究中，每个时间点都揭示了有关球的方向的特定信息块，而不是依赖于随机选择的遮挡点。多元分析表明，守门员在预测球的最终位置时，不仅总体上比新手更准确和更快，而且专家和新手还根据不同类型的运动序列做出决策。这些发现强调了运动学知识对预判的重要性，但也证明了精心选择遮挡点的重要性。
