Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Int J Psychol. 2021 Apr;56(2):314-321. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12710. Epub 2020 Aug 4.
Trait impulsivity and callous-unemotional traits are associated with behavioural problems among high-risk adolescents. While both are known to influence behaviour, the nature of their expression in high-risk behaviours, particularly those related to inhibitory control, is not well understood. In the current, preliminary study, we examined whether and how these traits predicted deficits in behaviour driven by bottom-up, automatic versus deliberate, top-down inhibitory processes among high-risk adolescents. Two go/no-go task variants, emotional and non-emotional, were used to assess reactive response inhibition, and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task was used to assess the ability to resist deliberate risky choices. The results showed that the two types of self-reported trait measures were differentially associated with performance on the two types of behavioural inhibition tasks. Trait impulsivity predicted non-emotional inhibitory control whereas callous-unemotional traits predicted risky choices. The results also showed that the emotions task elicited slower reaction times and higher false alarm rates than did the letters task, and that participants had greater difficulty inhibiting responses to negatively than to positively valenced no-go stimuli. While preliminary, the results suggest that the interplay between trait impulsivity and callous-unemotional traits is an important determinant of inhibitory behaviour in this high-risk adolescents.
冲动特质和冷酷无情特质与高风险青少年的行为问题有关。虽然这两者都已知会影响行为，但它们在高风险行为中的表现方式，特别是与抑制控制相关的行为方式，还不太清楚。在目前的初步研究中，我们研究了这些特质是否以及如何预测高风险青少年的行为缺陷，这些行为是由自上而下的、自动的与深思熟虑的、自下而上的抑制过程驱动的。我们使用了两种 Go/No-Go 任务变体，即情绪和非情绪，来评估反应抑制，使用气球模拟风险任务来评估抵制深思熟虑的风险选择的能力。结果表明，两种类型的自我报告特质测量与两种类型的行为抑制任务的表现存在不同的关联。冲动特质预测非情绪抑制控制，而冷酷无情特质预测冒险选择。结果还表明，情绪任务比字母任务产生更慢的反应时间和更高的错误警报率，并且参与者对负面而不是正面的否定刺激抑制反应更困难。虽然这只是初步的结果，但它们表明，冲动特质和冷酷无情特质之间的相互作用是高风险青少年抑制行为的一个重要决定因素。
