Center for Global Health, Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, USA.
Glob Public Health. 2021 Mar;16(3):390-400. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1795219. Epub 2020 Aug 4.
This paper aims to describe and analyse progress with domestic HIV-related policies in PEPFAR partner countries, utilising data collected as part of PEPFAR's routine annual program reporting from U.S. government fiscal years 2010 through 2016. 402 policies were monitored for one or more years across more than 50 countries using the PEPFAR policy tracking tool across five policy process stages: 1. Problem identification, 2. Policy development, 3. Policy endorsement, 4. Policy implementation, and 5. Policy evaluation. This included 219 policies that were adopted and implemented by partner governments, many in Africa. Policies were tracked across a wide variety of subject matter areas, with HIV Testing and Treatment being the most common. Our review also illustrates challenges with policy reform using varied, national examples. Challenges include the length of time (often years) it may take to reform policies, local customs that may differ from policy goals, and insufficient public funding for policy implementation. Limitations included incomplete data, variability in the amount of data provided due to partial reliance on open-ended text boxes, and data that reflect the viewpoints of submitting PEPFAR country teams.
本文旨在描述和分析 2010 财年至 2016 财年期间,美国政府通过《美国艾滋病防治法》(PEPFAR)常规年度项目报告收集的数据,了解 PEPFAR 伙伴国家国内与艾滋病毒相关政策的进展情况。 利用 PEPFAR 政策跟踪工具,在 50 多个国家对 402 项政策进行了为期一年或一年以上的监测,这些政策涉及政策过程的五个阶段:1. 问题识别;2. 政策制定;3. 政策认可;4. 政策执行;5. 政策评估。 其中包括合作伙伴政府通过并实施的 219 项政策,其中许多政策是在非洲实施的。 这些政策涉及广泛的主题领域,其中 HIV 检测和治疗是最常见的。 我们的审查还说明了利用各种国家范例进行政策改革所面临的挑战。 挑战包括政策改革所需的时间(通常是数年)、可能与政策目标不同的当地习俗以及政策实施的公共资金不足。 限制因素包括数据不完整、由于部分依赖开放式文本框而导致提供的数据数量存在差异,以及数据反映了提交 PEPFAR 国家团队的观点。