Association of Polymorphisms of , , and Genes with 3MC Syndrome.

The Malpuech, Michels, Mingarelli, Carnevale (3MC) syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic- disorder associated with mutations in the , or genes. The number of 3MC patients with known mutations in these three genes reported so far remains very small. To date, 16 mutations in , 12 mutations in and three in associated with 3MC syndrome have been identified. Their products play an essential role as factors involved in the activation of complement via the lectin or alternative (MASP-3) pathways. Recent data indicate that mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1), MASP-3, collectin kidney-1 (collectin-11) (CL-K1), and collectin liver-1 (collectin-10) (CL-L1) also participate in the correct migration of neural crest cells (NCC) during embryogenesis. This is supported by relationships between , and gene mutations and the incidence of 3MC syndrome, associated with craniofacial abnormalities such as radioulnar synostosis high-arched eyebrows, cleft lip/palate, hearing loss, and ptosis.