Dunkel F V
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Int J Food Microbiol. 1988 Dec;7(3):227-44. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(88)90042-6.
The data presented tests the hypothesis that knowledge of basic biological relationships between insects and fungi in the stored grain ecosystem can open new paths for management of the system. Evidence indicates: (1) some storage insect species are disseminators of storage fungi and some are exterminators; (2) some storage fungi attract storage insects and promote their population increases and other repel and secrete toxins harmful to insects; (3) certain morphophysiologic, biochemical similarities of fungi and the early developmental stages of insects suggest that new protective chemicals, 'insecticidal fungicides', could be designed or specifically sought. A specific example of a naturally occurring compound with dual action, sorbic acid (2,4-hexadienoic acid), is given and its effect on both insects and fungi is discussed. Sorbic acid is the only compound in the U.S. presently labelled by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) as GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe) and registered by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) for use on grain (maize) in storage.
了解储粮生态系统中昆虫与真菌之间的基本生物学关系能够为该系统的管理开辟新途径。证据表明：（1）一些储粮昆虫种类是储粮真菌的传播者，而另一些则是消灭者；（2）一些储粮真菌吸引储粮昆虫并促使其种群增加，而另一些则排斥并分泌对昆虫有害的毒素；（3）真菌与昆虫早期发育阶段在某些形态生理、生化方面的相似性表明，可以设计或专门寻找新型防护化学品，即“杀虫杀菌剂”。给出了一种具有双重作用的天然存在化合物山梨酸（2,4 -己二烯酸）的具体例子，并讨论了其对昆虫和真菌的影响。山梨酸是美国目前唯一被食品药品监督管理局（FDA）标记为“一般认为安全”（GRAS）且被环境保护局（EPA）登记用于储存谷物（玉米）的化合物。
