Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov 15;743:140755. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140755. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Wide use of plastic greenhouses for vegetable production increases human exposure to phthalate (PAEs) through vegetable intake. However, little information is available about distribution of PAEs in air-soil-vegetable systems of plastic greenhouses and PAE estrogenic effects. This study was designed to investigate PAE distributions and corresponding health risk in plastic greenhouses in Guangzhou, a subtropical city in South China. PAEs were prevalent in plastic greenhouses, with sum concentrations of 16 PAE compounds (∑16PAEs) up to 5.76 mg/kg in soils, 5.27 mg/kg in vegetables and 4393 ng/m in air. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate were predominant compounds. Average concentrations and bioconcentration factor of ∑16PAEs and the predominant PAE compounds in vegetables of greenhouses were higher than those of open fields. Plastic greenhouses exhibited significantly higher air PAE levels than those of open fields due to higher indoor temperature, which enhanced PAE accumulation by vegetables. Both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PAEs via dietary and non-dietary exposures for farmers decreased with an order of vegetable > air > soil. Consumption of vegetables from greenhouses resulted in significantly higher estrogenic effects compared to those from open field cultivation. This study emphasizes highly potential health risks of PAEs in air-soil-vegetable systems of plastic greenhouses.
塑料大棚广泛用于蔬菜生产，通过蔬菜摄入增加了人体对邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的暴露。然而，关于塑料大棚空气-土壤-蔬菜系统中 PAEs 的分布和 PAE 雌激素效应的信息很少。本研究旨在调查华南亚热带城市广州塑料大棚中 PAE 的分布及其相应的健康风险。PAEs 在塑料大棚中普遍存在，土壤中 16 种 PAE 化合物（∑16PAEs）的总浓度高达 5.76mg/kg，蔬菜中为 5.27mg/kg，空气中为 4393ng/m。邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯是主要化合物。大棚蔬菜中∑16PAEs 和主要 PAE 化合物的平均浓度和生物浓缩系数均高于露地蔬菜。由于室内温度较高，大棚内的蔬菜积累了更多的 PAE，因此其空气中的 PAE 浓度明显高于露地。由于较高的室内温度，大棚内空气中的 PAE 水平明显高于露地，而通过饮食和非饮食接触途径，农民接触 PAEs 的致癌和非致癌风险均呈蔬菜>空气>土壤的顺序递减。与露地种植的蔬菜相比，大棚蔬菜的雌激素效应明显更高。本研究强调了塑料大棚空气-土壤-蔬菜系统中 PAEs 具有很高的健康风险。
