Perrone Emanuele, De Bei Francesco, Cristofari Gianmarco
Faculty of Medicine and surgery, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Med Hypotheses. 2020 Nov;144:110004. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110004. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
Mental disorders (MD) or mental symptoms (MS) have multifactorial causes. Today we know much more about the variables that cause individual MD\MS, but in our opinion these characterizations, although essential, are not sufficient to account for the complexity in which we live. For example, they do not explain in a coherent and empirically verifiable way how the biological individual relates to the social architecture in which he lives. This article presents a hypothesis that connects social and organizational structures to the emergence of symptoms and mental disorders in the population. It is our belief that some of these structures fundamentally impact the distribution of MD/MS in a population and the medical and psychological communities must consider this impact seriously. Laws aim at directing the behavior of groups of people, whose behavior is strictly interdependent with their neurobiology. Given the ability of laws to direct the behaviors that regulate social interactions, traumatic factors may be considered capable of linking a non-material object (e.g., a law) to a real effect (e.g., MS/MD). We discuss, as a paradigmatic example, the laws that regulate the use of psychotropic substances.
精神障碍（MD）或精神症状（MS）具有多因素成因。如今，我们对导致个体MD/MS的变量有了更多了解，但在我们看来，这些特征描述虽然至关重要，但不足以解释我们所处的复杂环境。例如，它们无法以连贯且可实证验证的方式解释生物个体与他所生活的社会结构之间的关系。本文提出了一个假设，将社会和组织结构与人群中症状和精神障碍的出现联系起来。我们认为，其中一些结构从根本上影响了MD/MS在人群中的分布，医学和心理学界必须认真考虑这种影响。法律旨在指导人群的行为，而人群的行为与他们的神经生物学紧密相关。鉴于法律有能力指导调节社会互动的行为，创伤性因素可能被认为能够将一个非物质对象（如一项法律）与一个实际效果（如MS/MD）联系起来。作为一个典型例子，我们讨论了管制精神活性物质使用的法律。
