Nikitina Irуna M, Smiian Svitlana A, Kondratiuk Kateryna O, Kalashnyk Natalia V, Shevel Anzhelika A
Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Wiad Lek. 2020;73(7):1434-1437.
The aim:to study the content of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb) in the placenta of pregnant healthy women and with signs of intrauterine infection of the fetus, features of transplacental transmission of infectious process from mother to fetus and to investigate the role of the placenta in trace element supply of the fetus.
Materials and methods. 43 pregnant women between the aged 16 to 40 years were monitored, including 12 with physiological pregnancy (group 1) and 31 with signs of STI (group 2). All pregnant women underwent standard comprehensive examination, evaluation of fetal cardiac output and non-stress testing using cardio-toсography (CTG) in the third trimester. The group of pregnant women with signs of fetal ulcers included women whose pregnancy was complicated by chronic fetoplacental dysfunction (FPD), infectious lesions of the fetoplacental complex, which were diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound signs of placenta, syndrome of infectious and surrounding infections.
Results:The content of essential trace elements in the placenta of the main group was significantly lower than in the placenta of the control group. There was a decrease in the concentration of iron by 32%, zinc - by 46%, nickel - by 44%, copper more than tripled, chromium - 4 times. Deficiency of essential trace elements (iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel) and elevated lead content in the placenta leads to the formation of conditions for the development of placental dysfunction, the progression of which leads to fetal distress, developmental delay syndrome and antenatal fetal death.
Conclusions:1. One of the links in the pathogenesis of intrauterine infection in the fetus is the imbalance of essential trace elements in the system «mother - placenta - fetus». 2. Pregnant women with signs of intrauterine infection are characterized by a deficiency of serum Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and an increased content of Pb, Cr and Co compared with pregnant women with physiological pregnancy. 3. Umbilical cord blood of women with evidence of fetal fetal infection also has a reduced content of iron, copper, zinc and high levels of lead, cobalt and chromium. 4. Disruption of placental function in intrauterine infection of the fetus is caused by reduced content of iron, zinc, copper, nickel and lead accumulation.
研究健康孕妇胎盘及有胎儿宫内感染迹象孕妇胎盘中微量元素（铁、铜、锌、钴、铬、镍、铅）的含量，探讨感染过程从母亲经胎盘传播给胎儿的特点，并研究胎盘在胎儿微量元素供应中的作用。
材料与方法。对43名年龄在16至40岁的孕妇进行监测，其中12名生理妊娠孕妇（第1组），31名有性传播感染迹象的孕妇（第2组）。所有孕妇在孕晚期均接受了标准的全面检查、胎儿心输出量评估及使用胎心监护仪（CTG）进行无应激试验。有胎儿溃疡迹象的孕妇组包括妊娠合并慢性胎儿-胎盘功能障碍（FPD）、胎儿-胎盘复合体感染性病变的孕妇，这些病变是根据胎盘超声征象、感染及周围感染综合征诊断的。
结果：主要组胎盘内必需微量元素的含量显著低于对照组胎盘。铁浓度降低32%，锌降低46%，镍降低44%，铜增加了两倍多，铬降低了4倍。胎盘中必需微量元素（铁、锌、铜、铬、镍）缺乏及铅含量升高导致胎盘功能障碍形成条件，其进展会导致胎儿窘迫、发育迟缓综合征及产前胎儿死亡。
结论：1. 胎儿宫内感染发病机制中的一个环节是“母亲-胎盘-胎儿”系统中必需微量元素失衡。2. 与生理妊娠孕妇相比，有胎儿宫内感染迹象的孕妇血清中铁、铜、锌、镍含量缺乏，铅、铬、钴含量升高。3. 有胎儿感染证据的孕妇脐带血中铁、铜、锌含量也降低，铅、钴、铬含量升高。4. 胎儿宫内感染时胎盘功能障碍是由铁、锌、铜、镍含量降低及铅蓄积所致。
