Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, 8820808, Chile.
Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
Anim Genet. 2020 Oct;51(5):658-674. doi: 10.1111/age.12989. Epub 2020 Aug 5.
Selective breeding of tilapia populations started in the early 1990s and over the past three decades tilapia has become one of the most important farmed freshwater species, being produced in more than 125 countries around the globe. Although genome assemblies have been available since 2011, most of the tilapia industry still depends on classical selection techniques using mass spawning or pedigree information to select for growth traits with reported genetic gains of up to 20% per generation. The involvement of international breeding companies and research institutions has resulted in the rapid development and application of genomic resources in the last few years. GWAS and genomic selection are expected to contribute to uncovering the genetic variants involved in economically relevant traits and increasing the genetic gain in selective breeding programs, respectively. Developments over the next few years will probably focus on achieving a deep understanding of genetic architecture of complex traits, as well as accelerating genetic progress in the selection for growth-, quality- and robustness-related traits. Novel phenotyping technologies (i.e. phenomics), lower-cost whole-genome sequencing approaches, functional genomics and gene editing tools will be crucial in future developments for the improvement of tilapia aquaculture.
从 20 世纪 90 年代初开始，罗非鱼种群的选择性繁殖就已经开始了。在过去的三十年里，罗非鱼已经成为最重要的养殖淡水物种之一，在全球 125 个以上的国家都有生产。尽管自 2011 年以来就已经有了基因组组装，但大多数罗非鱼产业仍然依赖于使用大规模产卵或谱系信息的经典选择技术来选择生长性状，据报道，每一代的遗传增益高达 20%。国际养殖公司和研究机构的参与，使得基因组资源在过去几年得到了快速发展和应用。全基因组关联分析（GWAS）和基因组选择有望分别有助于揭示与经济相关性状有关的遗传变异，并增加选择性繁殖计划中的遗传增益。未来几年的发展可能将集中在深入了解复杂性状的遗传结构，以及加速与生长、质量和稳健性相关性状的选择的遗传进展。新型表型技术（即表型组学）、成本更低的全基因组测序方法、功能基因组学和基因编辑工具将是未来罗非鱼水产养殖改良的关键。
