Brymer Eric, Araújo Duarte, Davids Keith, Pepping Gert-Jan
Australian College of Applied Psychology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jul 16;11:1362. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01362. eCollection 2020.
Human-nature interactions have been presented as important for promoting and sustaining wellbeing and health benefits. Research has shown that pictures of nature, interacting with nature, physical activity in nature, immersion in nature and even feeling connected to nature can improve health. While considerable research supports this notion that nature can have positive health impact, theoretical and conceptual frameworks that help explain the natural environment provides benefits to human health and wellbeing have proved limited. In extreme cases, theoretical approaches reinforce a problematic notion where nature is viewed as a separate entity, as a treatment to be taken as prescribed to remediate health problems that arise. Such approaches are limited as they fail to address how beneficial person-nature relations may be captured in interventions. There is a need for a deeper understanding of the processes underlying the observed benefits of the person-nature link in order to design effective research and interventions. It is especially important to consider the implications of research on person-nature relations for people living in urban contexts. In this paper, we present an ecological perspective building on James Gibson's conceptualization of human behavior. Specifically, we outline a framework that emphasizes the person-environment system as the most appropriate scale of analysis. We present three relevant concepts from the ecological approach: form of life, affordances and niche construction, as helpful for appreciating how acting in natural environments might benefit human health and wellbeing. This approach urges policy makers and urban designers to rethink environmental designs to provide and support a landscape of affordances that makes use of the richness of natural environments.
人与自然的互动已被视为对促进和维持幸福及健康益处至关重要。研究表明，自然的图片、与自然互动、在自然中进行体育活动、沉浸于自然甚至感觉与自然相连都能改善健康。虽然大量研究支持自然可对健康产生积极影响这一观点，但有助于解释自然环境如何为人类健康和幸福带来益处的理论和概念框架却很有限。在极端情况下，理论方法强化了一种有问题的观念，即将自然视为一个独立的实体，当作一种按规定服用以补救出现的健康问题的疗法。此类方法存在局限性，因为它们未能解决在干预措施中如何捕捉有益的人与自然关系。有必要更深入地理解人与自然联系所带来的已观察到的益处背后的过程，以便设计有效的研究和干预措施。尤其重要的是要考虑关于人与自然关系的研究对城市居民的影响。在本文中，我们基于詹姆斯·吉布森对人类行为的概念化提出一种生态视角。具体而言，我们概述了一个强调人 - 环境系统作为最适当分析尺度的框架。我们从生态方法中提出三个相关概念：生活形式、可供性和生态位构建，以帮助理解在自然环境中行动如何有益于人类健康和幸福。这种方法促使政策制定者和城市设计师重新思考环境设计，以提供并支持一种利用自然环境丰富性的可供性景观。
