Espinosa-Gómez Fabiola Carolina, Ruíz-May Eliel, Serio-Silva Juan Carlos, Chapman Colin A
Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
PeerJ. 2020 Jul 22;8:e9489. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9489. eCollection 2020.
Saliva contains a very complex mixture of proteins for defense against microbiological pathogens and for oral food perception. Howler monkeys are Neotropical primates that can consume a mostly leaf diet. They are well known to thrive in highly disturbed habitats where they may cope with a diversity of dietary challenges and infection risks. We aimed to describe the salivary proteome of howlers to contribute to better understanding of their physiology.
We analyzed the salivary proteins of wild black howler monkeys (), by SDS-PAGE-1-D and Nano LC-MS/MS and categorized them by their function involved in host defense and oral food perception.
Our proteomic analysis identified 156 proteins in howler saliva including a number of host defense peptides that are the first line of defense in mammals, such as defensin, cathelicidin, dermcidin, and lactotransferrin, and proteins with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral capacity, such as IgA, IgG, IgM, BPI, salivary heat shock 70 kDa protein, beta-2-microbulin, and protein S-100. We also identified key proteins necessary for taste perception, including salivary carbonic anhydrase VI, cystatin D, IgA, and fatty acid-binding protein. Proteins to detect astringent foods were identifying, including four members of cystatins (A, B, C and D), lactoperoxidase, and histidine-rich proteins. No chitinase and amylase were identified as would be expected because howlers do not eat insects and little starch. These findings provide basic information to future studies in oral biology, ingestive physiology, and physiological ecology of mammals and non-human primates.
唾液包含非常复杂的蛋白质混合物，用于抵御微生物病原体和感知口腔中的食物。吼猴是新热带灵长类动物，主要以树叶为食。众所周知，它们在高度干扰的栖息地中茁壮成长，在那里它们可能应对各种饮食挑战和感染风险。我们旨在描述吼猴的唾液蛋白质组，以更好地了解它们的生理机能。
我们通过SDS-PAGE-1-D和纳米液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了野生黑吼猴的唾液蛋白质，并根据它们在宿主防御和口腔食物感知中的功能进行分类。
我们的蛋白质组分析在吼猴唾液中鉴定出156种蛋白质，包括许多哺乳动物防御的第一线宿主防御肽，如防御素、cathelicidin、皮肤抗菌肽和乳铁传递蛋白，以及具有抗菌、抗真菌和抗病毒能力的蛋白质，如IgA、IgG、IgM、杀菌/通透性增加蛋白、唾液热休克70 kDa蛋白、β-2-微球蛋白和S-100蛋白。我们还鉴定出味觉感知所需的关键蛋白质，包括唾液碳酸酐酶VI、胱抑素D、IgA和脂肪酸结合蛋白。鉴定出了检测涩味食物的蛋白质，包括胱抑素家族的四个成员（A、B、C和D）、乳过氧化物酶和富含组氨酸的蛋白质。未鉴定出预期中的几丁质酶和淀粉酶，因为吼猴不吃昆虫且几乎不摄入淀粉。这些发现为未来关于哺乳动物和非人类灵长类动物口腔生物学、摄食生理学和生理生态学的研究提供了基础信息。
