Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, ST RT 44, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA.
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, ST RT 44, Rootstown, Ohio, 44272, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Sep;129:110452. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110452. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint degenerative disease leading to irreversible structural and functional changes in the joint and is a major cause of disability and reduced life expectancy in ageing population. Despite the high prevalence of OA, there is no disease modifying drug available for the management of OA. Oxidative stress, a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their clearance by antioxidant defense system, is high in OA cartilage and is a major cause of chronic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are highly upregulated in OA joints and induce ROS production and expression of matrix degrading proteases leading to cartilage extracellular matrix degradation and joint dysfunction. ROS and inflammation are interdependent, each being the target of other and represent ideal target/s for the treatment of OA. Plant polyphenols possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit ROS production and inflammation in chondrocytes, cartilage explants and in animal models of OA. The aim of this review is to discuss the chondroprotective effects of polyphenols and modulation of different molecular pathways associated with OA pathogenesis and limitations and future prospects of polyphenols in OA treatment.
骨关节炎（OA）是最常见的关节退行性疾病，导致关节不可逆转的结构和功能改变，是老龄化人口中残疾和预期寿命降低的主要原因。尽管 OA 的患病率很高，但目前尚无用于 OA 管理的疾病修饰药物。氧化应激是活性氧（ROS）产生与抗氧化防御系统清除之间失衡的结果，OA 软骨中的氧化应激水平很高，是慢性炎症的主要原因。炎性介质，如白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）在 OA 关节中高度上调，并诱导 ROS 产生和基质降解蛋白酶的表达，导致软骨细胞外基质降解和关节功能障碍。ROS 和炎症是相互依存的，彼此都是对方的靶点，是 OA 治疗的理想靶点/药物。植物多酚具有强大的抗氧化和抗炎特性，可抑制软骨细胞、软骨外植体和 OA 动物模型中的 ROS 产生和炎症。本综述的目的是讨论多酚的软骨保护作用及其对 OA 发病机制相关不同分子途径的调节作用，以及多酚在 OA 治疗中的局限性和未来前景。
