Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Graduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jataí-UFJ, BR 364, Km 195, Nº 3800, CEP 75801-615, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Sep;129:110493. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110493. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
Despite intense research there is currently no effective vaccine available against the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the later 2019 and responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. This infectious and communicable disease has become one of the major public health challenges in the world. The clinical management of COVID-19 has been limited to infection prevention and control measures associated with supportive care such as supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Meanwhile efforts to find an effective treatment to inhibit virus replication, mitigate the symptoms, increase survival and decrease mortality rate are ongoing. Several classes of drugs, many of them already in use for other diseases, are being evaluated based on the body of clinical knowledge obtained from infected patients regarding to the natural history and evolution of the infection. Herein we will provide an updated overview of the natural history and current knowledge on drugs and therapeutic agents being tested for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. These include different classes of drugs such as antiviral agents (chloroquine, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, remdesivir, tocilizumab), supporting agents (Vitamin C, Vitamin D, azithromycin, corticosteroids) and promising investigational vaccines. Considering the controversies and excessive number of compounds being tested and reported in the literature we hope that this review can provide useful and updated consolidated information on potential drugs used to prevent, control and treat COVID-19 patients worldwide.
尽管进行了深入的研究，但目前仍没有针对 2019 年底出现的新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的有效疫苗，该病毒引发了 COVID-19 大流行。这种具有传染性和传播性的疾病已成为世界主要的公共卫生挑战之一。COVID-19 的临床管理仅限于感染预防和控制措施，包括补充氧气和机械通气等支持性护理。与此同时，人们正在努力寻找有效的治疗方法来抑制病毒复制、减轻症状、提高生存率和降低死亡率。许多类别的药物，其中许多已经用于治疗其他疾病，正在根据从感染患者那里获得的有关感染的自然史和演变的临床知识进行评估。本文将提供有关预防和治疗 COVID-19 正在测试的药物和治疗剂的自然史和最新知识的概述。这些药物包括不同类别的药物，如抗病毒药物（氯喹、伊维菌素、硝唑尼特、羟氯喹、洛匹那韦、瑞德西韦、托珠单抗）、支持性药物（维生素 C、维生素 D、阿奇霉素、皮质类固醇）和有前途的研究性疫苗。考虑到文献中报道的争议和大量正在测试和报告的化合物，我们希望本综述能够提供有关用于预防、控制和治疗全球 COVID-19 患者的潜在药物的有用和最新的综合信息。
