Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Exercise Physiology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2020 Aug;19(8):290-297. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000738.
Regular physical activity decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, obesity, certain cancers, and all-cause mortality. Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence that extreme exercise behaviors may be detrimental to human health. This review collates several decades of literature on the physiology and pathophysiology of ultra-marathon running, with emphasis on the cardiorespiratory implications. Herein, we discuss the prevalence and clinical significance of postrace decreases in lung function and diffusing capacity, respiratory muscle fatigue, pulmonary edema, biomarkers of cardiac injury, left/right ventricular dysfunction, and chronic myocardial remodeling. The aim of this article is to inform risk stratification for ultra-marathon and to edify best practice for personnel overseeing the events (i.e., race directors and medics).
定期进行身体活动可降低心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病、肥胖、某些癌症和全因死亡率的风险。然而，越来越多的证据表明，极端的运动行为可能对人类健康有害。本综述汇集了几十年来关于超长马拉松跑的生理学和病理生理学的文献，重点讨论心肺影响。在这里，我们讨论了赛后肺功能和弥散能力下降、呼吸肌疲劳、肺水肿、心脏损伤标志物、左/右心室功能障碍和慢性心肌重塑的患病率和临床意义。本文的目的是为超长马拉松比赛的风险分层提供信息，并为监督这些赛事的人员（即赛事总监和医务人员）提供最佳实践建议。
