Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2020 Aug 10;32(2):39-50. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0341.
Azodicarbonamide (ADA) is a dough enhancer currently used as a replacement for potassium bromate in the process of bread-making in countries such as Nigeria. However, comprehensive information on the toxicological profile of ADA is not readily available. The present study investigated the toxicological effects of ADA in rats.
Twenty-four adult rats were randomly assigned into four groups of six rats each. Animals in group A served as the control (administered standard diet), whereas animals in groups B, C and D were fed ADA in food at 1, 2 and 4%, respectively. Standard or ADA diet was fed to the animals daily for a period of 28 days. Body weight was measured weekly, whereas food and water consumption was measured daily. On day 28, animals were fasted overnight after which they were euthanised. Blood samples taken were used for assessment of fasting blood glucose, haematological parameters, serum lipids, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation status, electrolytes and urea, plasma proteins and biochemical parameters of liver and kidney injury. The liver and kidneys were then excised and processed for general histological study.
The results showed that repeated administration of ADA was associated with dose-related decrease in weight gain, decrease in overall food consumption, decreased superoxide dismutase activity/glutathione level and increased lipid peroxidation. There was also biochemical and morphological evidence of liver and kidney injury.
These findings suggest that food-added ADA could be injurious to the body cells and organs in rats.
偶氮二甲酰胺（ADA）是一种面团改良剂，目前在尼日利亚等国家的面包制作过程中被用作溴酸钾的替代品。然而，ADA 的毒理学概况的综合信息并不容易获得。本研究调查了 ADA 在大鼠中的毒理学效应。
24 只成年大鼠被随机分为四组，每组 6 只。A 组作为对照（给予标准饮食），而 B、C 和 D 组分别在食物中摄入 1%、2%和 4%的 ADA。标准或 ADA 饮食每天喂养动物 28 天。每周测量体重，每天测量食物和水的摄入量。第 28 天，动物禁食过夜后进行安乐死。采集的血液样本用于评估空腹血糖、血液学参数、血清脂质、抗氧化状态、脂质过氧化状态、电解质和尿素、血浆蛋白和肝肾功能生化参数。然后切除肝脏和肾脏进行一般组织学研究。
结果表明，ADA 的重复给药与体重增加相关的剂量依赖性下降、总食物消耗减少、超氧化物歧化酶活性/谷胱甘肽水平下降以及脂质过氧化增加有关。肝脏和肾脏也有生化和形态学损伤的证据。
这些发现表明，添加到食物中的 ADA 可能对大鼠的身体细胞和器官造成伤害。
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