Du Mont Janice, Hill Cassandra, Kosa S Daisy, Johnson Holly
Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Mar;37(5-6):NP3201-NP3223. doi: 10.1177/0886260520945679. Epub 2020 Aug 10.
An ecological framework is useful for understanding how individual, relationship, community, and societal level factors can affect women's vulnerability to sexual assault. However, most studies have focused on examining individual and relationship factors only, due to measurement challenges and a lack of data at the societal level. The purpose of this study was to use data from a nationally representative victimization survey to identify salient predictors of sexual assaults not committed by common-law or marital partners among women across all levels of the ecological framework. Out of 16,738 female respondents, 1.9% ( = 319) experienced one or more incidents of non-spousal sexual assault in the 12 months preceding the survey. Logistic regression modeling indicated that at the individual level, statistically significant factors associated with non-spousal sexual assault included age, Indigenous status, marital status, mental disability, education, main activity, and homelessness or precarious housing. Relationship level predictors of non-spousal sexual assault were a history of child sexual abuse and witnessing violence between parents. Community level predictors were a weak sense of belonging in the local community, low likelihood that neighbors would contact police if they witnessed family violence in the respondents' home, and high likelihood that neighbors would contact police if they witnessed other criminal behavior. Societal level factors were perceptions that local police do a poor job promptly responding to calls, perceptions that local police do a poor job treating people fairly, and having experienced discrimination in the previous 5 years. The results demonstrated that community and societal level factors are critical components of an ecological framework and are important to understanding and addressing the many factors which are independently associated with vulnerability to sexual assault.
一个生态框架有助于理解个人、人际关系、社区和社会层面的因素如何影响女性遭受性侵犯的易感性。然而，由于测量方面的挑战以及社会层面数据的缺乏，大多数研究仅关注于考察个人和人际关系因素。本研究的目的是利用一项具有全国代表性的受害情况调查数据，在生态框架的各个层面识别女性中由非普通法或婚姻伴侣实施的性侵犯的显著预测因素。在16738名女性受访者中，1.9%（n = 319）在调查前的12个月内经历过一次或多次非配偶性侵犯事件。逻辑回归模型表明，在个人层面，与非配偶性侵犯相关的具有统计学意义的因素包括年龄、原住民身份、婚姻状况、精神残疾、教育程度、主要活动以及无家可归或住房不稳定。非配偶性侵犯的人际关系层面预测因素是儿童期性虐待史以及目睹父母之间的暴力行为。社区层面预测因素是在当地社区归属感薄弱、邻居目睹受访者家中发生家庭暴力时联系警察的可能性低，以及邻居目睹其他犯罪行为时联系警察的可能性高。社会层面因素是认为当地警察在迅速响应报警方面做得很差、认为当地警察在公平对待民众方面做得很差，以及在过去5年中曾遭受过歧视。结果表明，社区和社会层面因素是生态框架的关键组成部分，对于理解和解决与性侵犯易感性独立相关的诸多因素非常重要。
