Emeriau J P, Decamps A, Manciet G, Dupuy-Braud E, Galley P
Centre Régional de Gériatrie, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France.
Am J Med. 1988 Jan 29;84(1B):92-7.
The incidence of definite hypertension increases with advancement of age, and one third of the elderly population is affected. Isolated systolic hypertension is frequent in this population (10 to 12 percent in subjects between 65 and 74 years of age). The role of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor has been confirmed in the elderly population by the increase in cerebrovascular accidents, and by the incidence of myocardial infarction with the rise in blood pressure. The relationship between elevated diastolic and systolic blood pressure and mortality rates in the elderly is also well documented (Framingham). Effective treatment of hypertension significantly reduces the risk of associated complications: cardiovascular death, congestive heart failure, and stroke. However, the goal of antihypertensive therapy in the elderly should be not only to reduce morbidity and mortality rates, but also to do so without adverse effects on the functional well-being of patients.
确诊高血压的发病率随年龄增长而增加，老年人群中有三分之一受到影响。单纯收缩期高血压在该人群中很常见（65至74岁的人群中占10%至12%）。高血压作为心血管危险因素的作用已在老年人群中得到证实，表现为脑血管意外的增加以及随着血压升高心肌梗死的发病率。舒张压和收缩压升高与老年人死亡率之间的关系也有充分记录（弗明汉研究）。有效治疗高血压可显著降低相关并发症的风险：心血管死亡、充血性心力衰竭和中风。然而，老年患者抗高血压治疗的目标不仅应降低发病率和死亡率，还应在不对患者功能健康产生不利影响的情况下实现这一目标。
