Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Nov 1;273:111131. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111131. Epub 2020 Aug 7.
Disposed pharmaceuticals constitute a significant threat to the environment due to the high consumption of drugs and inefficient treatment of wastewater. In this paper, we first described the efficient removal of a series of antidepressants and immunosuppressant from a cultivation medium carried out by white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. We determined the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and the activity of fungal ligninolytic enzymes over time, as well as the toxicity of pre- and post-cultivation medium to Spirostomum ambiguum. We showed that P. ostreatus can remove from the model medium most of the pharmaceuticals studied, including clomipramine, mianserin, paroxetine, sertraline, and mycophenolic acid. Pharmaceuticals containing phenolic or benzene moieties, likewise in the natural monolignols, were removed in a high efficiency within a short time. The activity of the fungal ligninolytic enzymes, laccase, and lignin peroxidase, in the cultivation medium, was three times higher in the presence of the pharmaceuticals, which justifies their contribution to the degradation. The post-cultivation medium showed lower toxicity than pre-cultivation medium and toxic units were 7- and 2-fold lower for the sublethal and lethal response, respectively. Over twenty metabolites we detected resulted mostly from oxygenation or demethylation of parent pharmaceuticals. The biological treatment we developed using P. ostreatus-based system should be convenient and effective in mycoremediation of environmental wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants including monolignol-like antidepressants and immunosuppressant.
处置药物由于药物的高消耗和废水处理效率低下，对环境构成了重大威胁。在本文中，我们首先描述了白腐真菌糙皮侧耳对培养基中一系列抗抑郁药和免疫抑制剂的有效去除。我们测定了药物的去除效率和真菌木质素分解酶的活性随时间的变化，以及预培养和后培养培养基对 S. ambiguum 的毒性。结果表明，P. ostreatus 可以从模型培养基中去除大部分研究的药物，包括氯米帕明、米氮平、帕罗西汀、舍曲林和麦考酚酸。含有酚或苯部分的药物，同样在天然单体木质素中，在短时间内以高效率去除。在含有药物的培养介质中，真菌木质素分解酶漆酶和木质素过氧化物酶的活性高 3 倍，这证明了它们对降解的贡献。后培养介质的毒性低于预培养介质，亚致死和致死反应的毒性单位分别降低了 7 倍和 2 倍。我们检测到的二十多种代谢物主要来自于母体药物的氧化或去甲基化。我们使用基于 P. ostreatus 的系统开发的生物处理方法在环境废水中处理新兴污染物（包括类单酚抗抑郁药和免疫抑制剂）方面应该是方便和有效的。
