Heard Christopher James, Grajciar Lukáš, Uhlík Filip, Shamzhy Mariya, Opanasenko Maksym, Čejka Jiří, Nachtigall Petr
Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Center of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic.
Adv Mater. 2020 Nov;32(44):e2003264. doi: 10.1002/adma.202003264. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
Zeolites are among the most environmentally friendly materials produced industrially at the Megaton scale. They find numerous commercial applications, particularly in catalysis, adsorption, and separation. Under ambient conditions aluminosilicate zeolites are stable when exposed to water or water vapor. However, at extreme conditions as high temperature, high water vapor pressure or increased acidity/basicity, their crystalline framework can be destroyed. The stability of the zeolite framework under aqueous conditions also depends on the concentration and character of heteroatoms (other than Al) and the topology of the zeolite. The factors critical for zeolite (in)stability in the presence of water under various conditions are reviewed from the experimental as well as computational sides. Nonreactive and reactive interactions of water with zeolites are addressed. The goal of this review is to provide a comparative overview of all-silica zeolites, aluminosilicates and zeolites with other heteroatoms (Ti, Sn, and Ge) when contacted with water. Due attention is also devoted to the situation when partial zeolite hydrolysis is used beneficially, such as the formation of hierarchical zeolites, synthesis of new zeolites or fine-tuning catalytic or adsorption characteristics of zeolites.
沸石是工业上大规模生产的最环保的材料之一。它们有众多商业应用，特别是在催化、吸附和分离方面。在环境条件下，硅铝酸盐沸石暴露于水或水蒸气时是稳定的。然而，在高温、高水蒸气压力或酸度/碱度增加等极端条件下，它们的晶体骨架可能会被破坏。沸石骨架在水性条件下的稳定性还取决于杂原子（除Al外）的浓度和性质以及沸石的拓扑结构。从实验和计算两方面综述了在各种条件下，水存在时对沸石（不）稳定性至关重要的因素。探讨了水与沸石的非反应性和反应性相互作用。本综述的目的是对全硅沸石、硅铝酸盐沸石以及含有其他杂原子（Ti、Sn和Ge）的沸石与水接触时的情况进行比较概述。同时也充分关注了部分沸石水解有益的情况，例如分级沸石的形成、新型沸石的合成或沸石催化或吸附特性的微调。
