Department of Philosophy, State University of New York at Albany, New York, New York, USA.
Bioethics. 2021 Jan;35(1):98-104. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12797. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
New discoveries are improving the odds of human cells surviving in host animals, prompting regulatory and funding agencies to issue calls for additional layers of ethical oversight for certain types of human-animal chimeras. Of interest are research proposals involving chimeric animals with humanized brains. But what is motivating the demand for additional oversight? I locate two, not obviously compatible, motivations, each of which provides the justificatory basis for paying special attention to different sets of human-animal chimeras. Surprisingly, the sets of animals that actually get flagged for special scrutiny by research and funding guidelines do not correlate with either of the sets of animals that arise when we think about what is motivating additional oversight. What this shows is that existing research policies and funding guidelines are disconnected from their motivation: the rationale for flagging certain types of human-animal chimeras as requiring special oversight is ignored in execution.
新的发现提高了人类细胞在宿主动物中存活的几率，促使监管和资助机构呼吁对某些类型的人兽嵌合体增加额外的伦理监督。引人关注的是涉及具有人类化大脑的嵌合动物的研究提案。但是，是什么促使人们要求进行额外的监督呢？我发现了两个动机，它们并不明显兼容，每个动机都为特别关注不同类型的人兽嵌合体提供了合理的依据。令人惊讶的是，在研究和资助指南中被特别审查的动物与我们思考是什么促使额外监督时出现的动物之间并没有相关性。这表明，现有的研究政策和资助指南与其动机脱节：在执行过程中，忽视了将某些类型的人兽嵌合体标记为需要特别监督的理由。
