Walsh D C, McDougall V
Health Policy Institute, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA 02118.
Am J Ind Med. 1988;13(1):181-90. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700130112.
This paper briefly reviews the evolution of worksite smoking policies and programs, beginning with the goals and objectives from which they have sprung. Workplace smoking deterrents are shown to involve three different types of strategies: 1) legalistic approaches use policies and rules to restrict or foreclose smoking on the job; 2) economic strategies create incentives and disincentives, often through the employee health benefit plan; and 3) educational programs seek to motivate smokers to quit and to supply them with information and skill that may facilitate that process. The three types of intervention are combined in a broad public health approach that some companies are now developing. Research is needed on the efficacy of a range of possible approaches and attention should be paid to the ethical and policy issues of tensions and contradictions between health goals and cost containment.
本文简要回顾了工作场所吸烟政策与项目的演变，从其产生的目标和目的开始。工作场所吸烟威慑措施显示涉及三种不同类型的策略：1）法律途径利用政策和规则限制或禁止在工作时吸烟；2）经济策略创造激励和抑制措施，通常通过员工健康福利计划；3）教育项目旨在激励吸烟者戒烟，并为他们提供可能有助于这一过程的信息和技能。现在一些公司正在制定的广泛公共卫生方法中结合了这三种干预类型。需要对一系列可能方法的效果进行研究，并且应该关注健康目标与成本控制之间紧张关系和矛盾所涉及的伦理和政策问题。
