Suárez-Moo Pablo, Cruz-Rosales Magdalena, Ibarra-Laclette Enrique, Desgarennes Damaris, Huerta Carmen, Lamelas Araceli
Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico.
Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Jul 24;11:1698. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01698. eCollection 2020.
Dung beetles are holometabolous insects that feed on herbivorous mammal dung and provide services to the ecosystem including nutrient cycling and soil fertilization. It has been suggested that organisms developing on incomplete diets such as dungs require the association with microorganisms for the synthesis and utilization of nutrients. We describe the diversity and composition of the gut-microbiota during the life cycle of the dung beetle using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that gut contained a broad diversity of bacterial groups (1,699 OTUs and 302 genera). The taxonomic composition varied during the beetle life cycle, with the predominance of some bacterial genera in a specific developmental stage (Mothers: and ; Eggs: and ; Larval and pupal stages: and ; offspring: ). The beta diversity evidenced similarities among developmental stages, clustering (i) the adult stages (mother, male and female offsprings), (ii) intermediate developmental (larvae and pupa), and (iii) initial stage (egg). Microbiota differences could be attributed to dietary specialization or/and morpho-physiological factors involved in the transition from a developmental stage to the next. The predicted functional profile (PICRUSt2 analysis) for the development bacterial core of the level 3 categories, indicated grouping by developmental stage. Only 36 categories were significant in the SIMPER analysis, including the metabolic categories of amino acids and antibiotic synthesis, which were enriched in the larval and pupal stages; both categories are involved in the metamorphosis process. At the gene level, we found significant differences only in the KOs encoding functions related to nitrogen fixation, uric acid metabolism, and plant cell wall degradation for all developmental stages. Nitrogen fixation and plant cell wall degradation were enriched in the intermediate stages and uric acid metabolism was enriched in mothers. The data reported here suggested the influence of the maternal microbiota in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of the offspring.
蜣螂是全变态昆虫，以食草哺乳动物的粪便为食，并为生态系统提供包括养分循环和土壤施肥在内的服务。有人提出，在诸如粪便等不完全食物上发育的生物需要与微生物共生，以合成和利用营养物质。我们使用16S rRNA基因测序描述了蜣螂生命周期中肠道微生物群的多样性和组成。我们发现肠道中含有种类繁多的细菌群（1699个操作分类单元和302个属）。分类组成在甲虫生命周期中有所变化，某些细菌属在特定发育阶段占主导地位（母体：[具体属1]和[具体属2]；卵：[具体属3]和[具体属4]；幼虫和蛹阶段：[具体属5]和[具体属6]；后代：[具体属7]）。β多样性证明了发育阶段之间的相似性，聚类结果为：（i）成虫阶段（母体、雄性和雌性后代），（ii）中间发育阶段（幼虫和蛹），以及（iii）初始阶段（卵）。微生物群的差异可能归因于饮食专业化或/和从一个发育阶段过渡到下一个阶段所涉及的形态生理因素。对3级类别的发育细菌核心的预测功能概况（PICRUSt2分析）表明按发育阶段分组。在SIMPER分析中只有36个类别显著，包括氨基酸和抗生素合成的代谢类别，这些类别在幼虫和蛹阶段富集；这两个类别都参与变态过程。在基因水平上，我们发现所有发育阶段仅在编码与固氮、尿酸代谢和植物细胞壁降解相关功能的KO中有显著差异。固氮和植物细胞壁降解在中间阶段富集，尿酸代谢在母体中富集。这里报告的数据表明母体微生物群对后代肠道微生物群的组成和多样性有影响。
