364931 Bureau of Immunization, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Applied Epidemiology Fellowship, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2020 Sep/Oct;135(5):676-684. doi: 10.1177/0033354920946793. Epub 2020 Aug 14.
Infants born to women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at high risk for chronic HBV infection and premature death. We examined epidemiologic trends among women with HBV infection who gave birth in New York City (NYC) to inform public health prevention activities.
We obtained data on HBV-infected women residing and giving birth in NYC during 1998-2015 from the NYC Perinatal HBV Prevention Program. We obtained citywide birth data from the NYC Office of Vital Statistics. We calculated the incidence of births to HBV-infected women per 100 000 live births and stratified by maternal race, birthplace, and age. We calculated annual percentage change (APC) in incidence of births to HBV-infected women by using joinpoint regression.
Of 29 896 HBV-infected women included in the study, 28 195 (94.3%) were non-US-born, of whom 16 600 (58.9%) were born in China. Overall incidence of births to HBV-infected women per 100 000 live births increased from 1156 in 1998 to 1573 in 2006 (APC = 3.1%; < .001) but declined to 1329 in 2015 (APC = -1.4%; = .02). Incidence among US-born women declined from 1998 to 2015 (330 to 84; APC = -7.3%; < .001) and among non-US-born women increased from 1998 to 2007 (1877 to 2864; APC = 3.6%; < .001) but not thereafter. Incidence among women born in China increased from 1998 to 2006 (13 275 to 16 480; APC = 1.8%; = .02) but decreased to 12 631 through 2015 (APC = -3.3%; < .001).
The incidence of births to HBV-infected women in NYC declined significantly among US-born women but not among non-US-born women, highlighting the need for successful vaccination programs worldwide.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染产妇所生婴儿存在发生慢性 HBV 感染和早逝的高风险。我们对在纽约市（NYC）分娩的 HBV 感染产妇的流行病学趋势进行了研究，为公共卫生预防活动提供信息。
我们从 NYC 围产期乙型肝炎预防计划中获得了 1998-2015 年期间在 NYC 居住和分娩的 HBV 感染妇女的数据。我们从 NYC 生命统计办公室获得了全市的出生数据。我们按产妇的种族、出生地和年龄计算了每 100 000 例活产中 HBV 感染产妇的出生率，并进行了分层。我们使用 joinpoint 回归计算了 HBV 感染产妇出生率的年度百分比变化（APC）。
在纳入研究的 29 896 名 HBV 感染妇女中，28 195 名（94.3%）是非美国出生的，其中 16 600 名（58.9%）出生在中国。每 100 000 例活产中 HBV 感染产妇的出生率从 1998 年的 1156 例上升到 2006 年的 1573 例（APC=3.1%；<0.001），但在 2015 年下降到 1329 例（APC=-1.4%；=0.02）。美国出生的妇女的发病率从 1998 年到 2015 年下降（从 330 例降至 84 例；APC=-7.3%；<0.001），而非美国出生的妇女的发病率从 1998 年到 2007 年上升（从 1877 例升至 2864 例；APC=3.6%；<0.001），但此后并未上升。出生在中国的妇女的发病率从 1998 年到 2006 年上升（从 13275 例升至 16480 例；APC=1.8%；=0.02），但在 2015 年降至 12631 例（APC=-3.3%；<0.001）。
NYC 中 HBV 感染产妇的出生率在美国出生的妇女中显著下降，但在非美国出生的妇女中没有下降，这突出表明需要在全球范围内开展成功的疫苗接种计划。
