King B H, Ford C V
Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1988 Jan;77(1):1-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05068.x.
Pseudologia fantastica has not been reviewed in the English literature in over 50 years, but the term is still used, for example, among the diagnostic criteria for the Munchausen syndrome. Based upon a review of 72 cases of pseudologia fantastica collected from 26 reports since its initial description in 1891, pseudologia is distinguished from other types of lying. Pseudologia fantastica is typified by these characteristics: (1) the stories are not entirely improbable and are often built upon a matrix of truth; (2) the stories are enduring; (3) the stories are not told for personal profit per se and have a self-aggrandizing quality; and (4) they are distinct from delusions in that the person when confronted with facts can acknowledge these falsehoods. The authors compile phenomenological data about "the pseudolouge", who is represented equally males and females. Intelligence varies, but at least 40% have evidence of central nervous system dysfunction. The authors suggest that disease simulation, peregrination, and imposture are secondary behavioral manifestations of pseudologia, which is deserving of additional study.
50多年来，英文文献中未曾对虚构症进行过综述，但该术语仍在使用，例如，在孟乔森综合征的诊断标准中。基于对自1891年首次描述以来从26份报告中收集的72例虚构症病例的综述，虚构症与其他类型的说谎有所区别。虚构症具有以下特征：（1）故事并非完全不可能，且往往基于事实框架构建；（2）故事具有持续性；（3）讲述故事并非为了个人私利，而是具有自我吹嘘的性质；（4）它们与妄想不同，因为当面对事实时，当事人能够承认这些虚假内容。作者汇编了关于“虚构者”的现象学数据，虚构者中男性和女性数量相当。智力水平各异，但至少40%的人有中枢神经系统功能障碍的证据。作者认为，疾病模拟、流浪和冒名顶替是虚构症的次要行为表现，值得进一步研究。
