Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC.
Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia.
Am J Ind Med. 2020 Nov;63(11):963-972. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23170. Epub 2020 Aug 14.
Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest and most widely used plants in the world with a variety of industrial, medical, and nonmedical applications. Despite its long history, cannabis-derived products remain a source of controversy across the fields of medicine, law, and occupational safety and health. More favorable public attitudes about cannabis in the US have resulted in greater access to cannabis through legalization by states, leading to more consumption by workers. As more states adopt cannabis access laws, and as more workers choose to consume cannabis products, the implications for existing workplace policies, programs, and practices become more salient. Past workplace practices were grounded in a time when cannabis consumption was always viewed as problematic, considered a moral failing, and was universally illegal. Shifting cultural views and the changing legal status of cannabis indicate a need for research into the implications and challenges relating to cannabis and work. This commentary suggests research needs in the following areas: (a) data about industries and occupations where cannabis consumption among workers is most prevalent; (b) adverse health consequences of cannabis consumption among workers; (c) workplace supported recovery programs; (d) hazards to workers in the emerging cannabis industry; (e) relationship between cannabis consumption and occupational injuries; (f) ways to assess performance deficits and impairment from cannabis consumption; (g) consumption of synthetic cannabinoids to evade detection by drug testing; (h) cannabis consumption and its effect on occupational driving; and (i) ways to craft workplace policies and practices that take into consideration conflicting state and federal laws pertaining to cannabis.
大麻是世界上最古老、应用最广泛的植物之一，具有多种工业、医疗和非医疗用途。尽管大麻的使用历史悠久，但它仍然是医学、法律和职业安全与健康领域争议的来源。美国公众对大麻的态度更加有利，导致各州通过合法化使大麻更容易获得，从而导致更多工人消费大麻。随着越来越多的州采用大麻准入法，以及越来越多的工人选择消费大麻产品，对现有工作场所政策、计划和实践的影响变得更加突出。过去的工作场所实践是基于这样一个时期，即大麻消费总是被视为有问题的，被视为道德上的失败，而且是普遍非法的。文化观念的转变和大麻法律地位的变化表明，需要研究与大麻和工作相关的影响和挑战。本评论提出了以下研究领域的需求：（a）关于工人中大麻消费最普遍的行业和职业的数据；（b）工人中大麻消费的不良健康后果；（c）工作场所支持的康复计划；（d）新兴大麻产业中工人面临的危害；（e）大麻消费与职业伤害之间的关系；（f）评估大麻消费导致的绩效缺陷和损伤的方法；（g）合成大麻素的消费以逃避药物测试的检测；（h）大麻消费及其对职业驾驶的影响；（i）制定工作场所政策和实践的方法，考虑到与大麻相关的州和联邦法律之间的冲突。
