Litvin J, Switzer B R
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1988 Feb;12(1):71-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00135.x.
Chronic consumption of ethanol by pregnant and nonpregnant guinea pigs for 8 weeks at doses of 1.2 or 1.6 g/kg body weight twice daily affected pregnancy outcome and changed the pharmacokinetics of ethanol elimination. Ethanol treatment as compared to that of isocaloric sucrose decreased maternal weight, and decreased both the litter size and the number of liveborn offspring. Total litter weight was significantly decreased with the low ethanol dose (12% alcohol-derived energy). During pregnancy, low and high doses produced peak blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) of 89 +/- 8 mg/dl (mean +/- SE) and 125 +/- 6 mg/dl, respectively. At the high dose, peak BEC decreased dramatically (about 30%) in both pregnant and nonpregnant animals from treatment weeks 0 to 4; thereafter peak BEC remained depressed up to 8 weeks of treatment, which occurred with a concomitant increased volume of ethanol distribution. With both doses, rates of ethanol elimination and Michaelis-Menten's Vm values were significantly lower among pregnant as compared with nonpregnant guinea pigs during 8 weeks of treatment. These data suggest that the guinea pigs can be a valuable animal model to study the effects of low ethanol doses on fetal growth, the adaptation of peak BEC with duration of treatment and the lower rate of ethanol elimination in pregnancy.
怀孕和未怀孕的豚鼠每天两次按1.2或1.6克/千克体重的剂量长期摄入乙醇8周，会影响妊娠结局并改变乙醇消除的药代动力学。与等热量蔗糖相比，乙醇处理降低了母体体重，减少了产仔数和活产仔数。低乙醇剂量（12%酒精衍生能量）使总产仔体重显著降低。在怀孕期间，低剂量和高剂量分别产生的血乙醇浓度峰值（BEC）为89±8毫克/分升（平均值±标准误）和125±6毫克/分升。高剂量时，从治疗第0周到第4周，怀孕和未怀孕动物的BEC峰值均显著下降（约30%）；此后，BEC峰值在长达8周的治疗期间一直处于较低水平，同时乙醇分布体积增加。两种剂量下，在8周的治疗期间，怀孕豚鼠的乙醇消除率和米氏常数Vm值均显著低于未怀孕的豚鼠。这些数据表明，豚鼠可能是一种有价值的动物模型，可用于研究低剂量乙醇对胎儿生长的影响、BEC峰值随治疗时间的变化以及怀孕期间乙醇消除率较低的情况。
