Nzoumbou-Boko Romaric, Yambiyo Brice Martial, Ngoagouni Carine, Vickos Ulrich, Manirakiza Alexandre, Nakouné Emmanuel
Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute Pasteur of Bangui, P.O. Box 923, Bangui, Central African Republic.
Epidemiology Service, Institute Pasteur of Bangui, P.O. Box 923, Bangui, Central African Republic.
Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 27;2020:3938541. doi: 10.1155/2020/3938541. eCollection 2020.
Malaria is a major public health issue in the Central African Republic (CAR) despite massive scale-up of malaria interventions. However, no information is available on the incidence of malaria in febrile illness cases or on the distribution of malaria infection according to demographic characteristics, which are important indicators and valuable epidemiological surveillance tools. This study therefore aimed to characterize malaria in the network of sentinel sites set up for influenza surveillance. A retrospective analysis was conducted to explore the data from these sentinel sites from 2015 to 2018. The Paracheck-Pf® rapid diagnosis test kit was used to screen for malaria in febrile illness cases. A total of 3609 malaria cases were identified in 5397 febrile patients, giving an incidence rate of 66.8%. The age group of 1-4 years was the most affected by malaria (76.0%). Moreover, prevalence varied across different sentinel sites, with the Bossembele Health Center, located in a rural area, showing an incidence of 96%, the Saint Joseph Health Center in a semiurban area of Bangui showing an incidence of 75%, and the Bangui Pediatric Complex in an urban site with an incidence of only 44.6%. Malaria transmission was holoendemic over the four-year study period, and malaria incidence decreased from 2016 to 2018. The incidence of malaria coinfection with influenza was 6.8%. This study demonstrated clear microspatial heterogeneity of malaria. Malaria was consistently the most frequent cause of febrile illness. Including sites in different climate zones in the CAR will allow for a more representative study.
尽管中非共和国大规模扩大了疟疾防治干预措施，但疟疾仍是该国的一个主要公共卫生问题。然而，目前尚无关于发热疾病病例中疟疾发病率或根据人口特征划分的疟疾感染分布情况的信息，而这些都是重要指标和有价值的流行病学监测工具。因此，本研究旨在描述在为流感监测设立的哨点网络中的疟疾特征。进行了一项回顾性分析，以探究这些哨点在2015年至2018年期间的数据。使用Paracheck-Pf®快速诊断试剂盒对发热疾病病例进行疟疾筛查。在5397名发热患者中，共确诊3609例疟疾病例，发病率为66.8%。1至4岁年龄组受疟疾影响最大（76.0%）。此外，不同哨点的患病率有所不同，位于农村地区的博森贝莱健康中心发病率为96%，班吉半城市地区的圣约瑟夫健康中心发病率为75%，而位于城市地区的班吉儿科综合医院发病率仅为44.6%。在为期四年的研究期间，疟疾传播呈高度地方性流行，且疟疾发病率从2016年至2018年有所下降。疟疾与流感合并感染的发病率为6.8%。本研究表明疟疾存在明显的微观空间异质性。疟疾一直是发热疾病最常见的病因。将中非共和国不同气候区的地点纳入研究将能进行更具代表性的研究。
