Kalia Anu, Singh Swarnjeet
Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India.
Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India.
3 Biotech. 2020 Sep;10(9):384. doi: 10.1007/s13205-020-02378-z. Epub 2020 Aug 9.
Effluents of textile, paper, and related industries contain significant amounts of synthetic dyes which has serious environmental and health implications. Remediation of dyes through physical and chemical techniques has specific limitations. Augmented biological decontamination strategies 'microbial remediation' may involve ring-opening of dye molecules besides the reduction of constituent metal ions. Both bacterial and fungal genera are known to exhibit metabolic versatility which can be harnessed for effective bio-removal of the toxic dye contaminants. Ascomycetous/basidiomycetes fungi can effectively decontaminate azo dyes through laccase/peroxidase enzyme-mediated catalysis. The extent, efficacy, and range of fungal dye decontamination can be enhanced by the conjugated application of nanomaterials, including nanoparticles (NPs) and their composites. Fungal cell-enabled NP synthesis- 'myco-farmed NPs', is a low-cost strategy for scaled-up fabrication of a variety of metal, metal oxide, non-metal oxide NPs through oxidation/reduction of dissolved ions/molecules by extracellular biomolecules. Augmented and rapid decontamination of azo dyes at high concentrations can be achieved by the use of myco-farmed NPs, NPs adsorbed fungal biomass, and nano-immobilized fungi-derived bio-catalytical agents. This manuscript will explore the opportunities and benefits of mycoremediation and application of fungus-NP bionanoconjugate to remediate dye pollutants in wastewaters and land contaminated with the effluent of textile industries.
纺织、造纸及相关行业的废水含有大量合成染料，这对环境和健康有着严重影响。通过物理和化学技术对染料进行修复存在特定局限性。增强型生物净化策略“微生物修复”除了能还原构成金属离子外，还可能涉及染料分子的开环。已知细菌和真菌属都具有代谢多样性，可用于有效生物去除有毒染料污染物。子囊菌/担子菌真菌可通过漆酶/过氧化物酶介导的催化作用有效净化偶氮染料。通过联合应用包括纳米颗粒（NPs）及其复合材料在内的纳米材料，可以提高真菌染料净化的程度、效果和范围。真菌细胞介导的NP合成——“真菌培育的NPs”，是一种低成本策略，可通过细胞外生物分子氧化/还原溶解的离子/分子，大规模制备各种金属、金属氧化物、非金属氧化物NPs。使用真菌培育的NPs、吸附了NPs的真菌生物质以及纳米固定化真菌衍生的生物催化剂，可实现高浓度偶氮染料的增强和快速净化。本手稿将探讨真菌修复以及真菌-NP生物纳米共轭物在修复受纺织工业废水污染的废水和土地中的染料污染物方面的机遇和益处。
