Young Cameron C, Vedadghavami Armin, Bajpayee Ambika G
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Bioelectricity. 2020 Jun 17;2(2):68-81. doi: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0012. Epub 2020 May 21.
Biological systems overwhelmingly comprise charged entities generating electrical activity that can have significant impact on biological structure and function. This intrinsic bio-electrical activity can also be harnessed for overcoming the tissue matrix and cell membrane barriers, which have been outstanding challenges for targeted drug delivery, by using rationally designed cationic carriers. The weak and reversible long-range electrostatic interactions with fixed negatively charged groups facilitate electro-diffusive transport of cationic therapeutics through full-tissue thickness to effectively reach intra-tissue, cellular, and intracellular target sites. This article presents a perspective on the promise of using rationally designed cationic biomaterials in targeted drug delivery, the underlying charge-based mechanisms, and bio-transport phenomena while addressing outstanding concerns around toxicity and methods to mitigate them. We also discuss electrically charged drugs that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials and identify areas of further development that have the potential to usher in new treatments.
生物系统绝大多数由产生电活动的带电实体组成，这些电活动会对生物结构和功能产生重大影响。这种内在的生物电活动还可以通过使用合理设计的阳离子载体来克服组织基质和细胞膜屏障，而这些屏障一直是靶向药物递送面临的突出挑战。与固定的带负电荷基团之间微弱且可逆的远程静电相互作用，有助于阳离子治疗药物通过全组织厚度进行电扩散运输，从而有效到达组织内、细胞内和细胞内的靶点。本文阐述了在靶向药物递送中使用合理设计的阳离子生物材料的前景、潜在的基于电荷的机制以及生物转运现象，同时解决了围绕毒性及其缓解方法的突出问题。我们还讨论了目前正在临床试验中评估的带电药物，并确定了有可能带来新治疗方法的进一步发展领域。
