Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 650L, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
Curr Oncol Rep. 2020 Aug 17;22(11):112. doi: 10.1007/s11912-020-00975-y.
Immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment have been at the forefront of cancer research over the past several decades. Here, we will review the role of immunotherapy in advanced gastroesophageal cancers including targeted antibodies, immunomodulating agents, vaccines, oncolytic virus therapy, and adoptive immunotherapy, and discuss the future direction for immunotherapy in this population.
Targeted antibodies are already standard-of-care. An anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is currently FDA approved for second-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic ESCC, as well as beyond second-line treatment of advanced G/GEJ cancers, and recent data suggests it may be considered in first-line treatment of advanced G/GEJ cancers. Combination therapies such as immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, vaccines, oncolytic viral therapy, and adoptive immunotherapy in varying combinations are currently under active investigation. Several trials are ongoing and are hoped to reach more efficacious and individualized treatment options in advanced gastroesophageal cancer, where novel treatment options are desperately needed.
在过去几十年中，免疫疗法和肿瘤微环境一直是癌症研究的前沿领域。在这里，我们将回顾免疫疗法在包括靶向抗体、免疫调节剂、疫苗、溶瘤病毒治疗和过继免疫疗法在内的晚期胃食管癌症中的作用，并讨论免疫疗法在这一人群中的未来方向。
靶向抗体已经是标准治疗方法。一种抗 PD-1 单克隆抗体目前已被 FDA 批准用于局部晚期或转移性 ESCC 的二线治疗，以及晚期 G/GEJ 癌症的二线以上治疗，最近的数据表明，它也可以考虑用于晚期 G/GEJ 癌症的一线治疗。免疫疗法联合化疗和/或放疗、疫苗、溶瘤病毒治疗和过继免疫疗法等联合治疗目前正在积极研究中。目前正在进行几项试验，希望在迫切需要新治疗方法的晚期胃食管癌症中找到更有效和个体化的治疗选择。
