INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France.
Phileo by Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France.
J Nutr. 2020 Sep 1;150(9):2268-2277. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa206.
Plant raw materials are commonly used in aquafeeds, as marine resources are unsustainable. However, full plant-based diets lead to poorer fish growth performance.
We aimed to understand the metabolic effects of a yeast fraction as a protein supplement in a plant-based diet and to integrate such effects with phenotypic traits as a new approach to assess the interest of this raw material.
Juvenile (49 g) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed graded levels of a yeast protein-rich fraction (5% YST05, 10% YST10, 15% YST15) in a plant-based diet (PB) for 84 d. Final body weight, feed conversion ratio, and hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes were measured. Plasma, liver, and muscle 1H-NMR fingerprints were analyzed with principal component analyses, and their metabolite patterns were clustered according to the yeast level to identify concomitant metabolic effects. A regression modeling approach was used to predict tissue metabolite changes from plasma fingerprints.
In tissues, the patterns of metabolite changes followed either linear trends with the gradual inclusion of a yeast fraction (2 patterns out of 6 in muscle, 1 in liver) or quadratic trends (4 patterns in muscle, 5 in liver). Muscle aspartate and glucose (395 and 138% maximum increase in relative content compared with PB, respectively) revealing modification in energy metabolism, as well as modification of liver betaine (163% maximum increase) and muscle histidine (57% maximum decrease) related functions, indicates that the yeast fraction could improve growth in several ways. The highest correlation between measured and predicted metabolite intensities in a tissue based on plasma fingerprints was observed for betaine in liver (r = 0.80).
These findings herald a new approach to assess the plurality of metabolic effects induced by diets and establish the optimal level of raw materials. They open the way for using plasma as a noninvasive matrix in trout nutrition studies.
由于海洋资源不可持续，植物原料通常被用于水产饲料。然而，完全的植物性饮食会导致鱼类生长性能变差。
我们旨在了解酵母部分作为蛋白质补充物在植物性饮食中的代谢作用，并将这些作用与表型特征结合起来，作为评估这种原料的新方法。
用含有不同水平酵母蛋白丰富部分（5%YST05、10%YST10、15%YST15）的植物性饲料（PB）喂养 49g 的幼年虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）84 天。测量终末体重、饲料转化率以及肝体比和脏体比。利用主成分分析对血浆、肝脏和肌肉的 1H-NMR 指纹图谱进行分析，并根据酵母水平对其代谢物图谱进行聚类，以识别伴随的代谢作用。使用回归建模方法从血浆指纹图谱预测组织代谢物变化。
在组织中，代谢物变化模式要么遵循线性趋势，随着酵母部分的逐渐增加（肌肉中有 2 种模式，肝脏中有 1 种模式），要么遵循二次趋势（肌肉中有 4 种模式，肝脏中有 5 种模式）。肌肉中的天冬氨酸和葡萄糖（相对于 PB，相对含量最大增加 395%和 138%）揭示了能量代谢的变化，以及肝脏甜菜碱（最大增加 163%）和肌肉组氨酸（最大减少 57%）相关功能的变化，表明酵母部分可以通过多种方式提高生长。基于血浆指纹图谱，在组织中观察到测量和预测代谢物强度之间的相关性最高的是肝脏中的甜菜碱（r=0.80）。
这些发现预示着一种新的方法来评估饮食引起的多种代谢作用，并确定原材料的最佳水平。它们为在鳜鱼营养研究中使用血浆作为非侵入性基质开辟了道路。
