Seibel Henrike, Baßmann Björn, Rebl Alexander
Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH (GMA), Büsum, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Mar 30;8:616955. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.616955. eCollection 2021.
Blood analyses provide substantial information about the physiological aspects of animal welfare assessment, including the activation status of the neuroendocrine and immune system, acute and long-term impacts due to adverse husbandry conditions, potential diseases, and genetic predispositions. However, fish blood is still not routinely analyzed in research or aquaculture for the assessment of health and/or welfare. Over the years, the investigative techniques have evolved from antibody-based or PCR-based single-parameter analyses to now include transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic approaches and from hematological observations to fluorescence-activated blood cell sorting in high-throughput modes. The range of testing techniques established for blood is now broader than for any other biogenic test material. Evaluation of the particular characteristics of fish blood, such as its cell composition, the nucleation of distinct blood cells, or the multiple isoforms of certain immune factors, requires adapted protocols and careful attention to the experimental designs and interpretation of the data. Analyses of fish blood can provide an integrated picture of the endocrine, immunological, reproductive, and genetic functions under defined environmental conditions and treatments. Therefore, the scarcity of high-throughput approaches using fish blood as a test material for fish physiology studies is surprising. This review summarizes the wide range of techniques that allow monitoring of informative fish blood parameters that are modulated by different stressors, conditions, and/or treatments. We provide a compact overview of several simple plasma tests and of multiparametric analyses of fish blood, and we discuss their potential use in the assessment of fish welfare and pathologies.
血液分析提供了有关动物福利评估生理方面的大量信息，包括神经内分泌和免疫系统的激活状态、不良饲养条件导致的急性和长期影响、潜在疾病以及遗传易感性。然而，在研究或水产养殖中，鱼类血液仍未常规用于健康和/或福利评估。多年来，研究技术已从基于抗体或基于PCR的单参数分析发展到现在包括转录组学、代谢组学和蛋白质组学方法，并且从血液学观察发展到高通量模式下的荧光激活血细胞分选。目前为血液建立的检测技术范围比任何其他生物源检测材料都要广泛。评估鱼类血液的特殊特征，如细胞组成、不同血细胞的成核或某些免疫因子的多种同工型，需要采用合适的方案，并仔细关注实验设计和数据解释。鱼类血液分析可以提供在特定环境条件和处理下内分泌、免疫、生殖和遗传功能的综合图景。因此，将鱼类血液用作鱼类生理学研究测试材料的高通量方法的稀缺令人惊讶。本综述总结了一系列广泛的技术，这些技术可用于监测受不同应激源、条件和/或处理调节的鱼类血液信息参数。我们简要概述了几种简单的血浆检测方法和鱼类血液的多参数分析方法，并讨论了它们在评估鱼类福利和病理方面的潜在用途。
