Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Acta Trop. 2020 Dec;212:105669. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105669. Epub 2020 Aug 14.
Cantareira State Park (CSP) is located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, one of the most densely populated areas on the planet. Recently, a yellow-fever epidemic practically annihilated the howler monkey population in this park, and human infections were reported in the vicinity. As simian and human plasmodia also circulate in CSP, the present study sought to provide an update on the mosquito fauna in this park, including an analysis of the diversity in areas with different degrees of conservation and a comparison of the yields achieved with different collection techniques. From October 2015 to April 2017, adult mosquitoes were collected with CDC traps, hand-held battery-powered aspirators and Shannon traps, and larvae and pupae were collected with larval dippers and suction samplers in natural and artificial breeding sites. In total, 11,038 specimens distributed in 103 taxa represented by 16 genera were collected. Both the observed species richness and diversity were greater in the environments with the highest degree of preservation. The 'wild' (most preserved) area in CSP had the greatest species richness, followed by the transition area and human-impacted area. The estimated richness indicated that the three environments may have a greater number of species than observed in this study, and Sorensen's index showed that the average degree of similarity varies little between areas. In the inventory of local species, the Shannon trap was the most efficient collection technique for adult mosquitoes, and the suction sampler the most efficient for immatures. The results highlight the increase in the number of different taxa collected as different mosquito capture techniques were included, confirming the importance of using several strategies to sample the local mosquito fauna satisfactorily when exploring a greater number of ecotopes. CSP is a refuge and shelter for native and introduced mosquito species where new biocenoses including pathogens, vertebrate hosts and vectors can form, allowing zoonotic outbreaks in the local human population to occur.
坎塔雷拉州立公园（Cantareira State Park，简称 CSP）位于巴西圣保罗大都市区，该地区是地球上人口最密集的地区之一。最近，一场黄热病疫情几乎使该公园的吼猴数量灭绝，附近也有人类感染病例的报告。由于灵长类和人类疟原虫也在 CSP 中传播，因此本研究旨在提供该公园蚊虫区系的最新信息，包括对不同保护程度地区多样性的分析，并比较不同采集技术的产量。从 2015 年 10 月到 2017 年 4 月，使用 CDC 诱捕器、手动便携式电池驱动的吸气器和 Shannon 诱捕器收集成蚊，使用幼虫捞网和吸管收集幼虫和蛹，在自然和人工孳生地收集。共收集到 11038 只标本，分布在 16 个属的 103 个分类单元中。无论是观察到的物种丰富度还是多样性，在保护程度最高的环境中都更高。CSP 中的“野生”（保护程度最高）区域的物种丰富度最高，其次是过渡区和受人类影响区。估计的丰富度表明，这三个环境可能比本研究中观察到的物种更多，而 Sorensen 指数表明，各区域之间的平均相似程度差异很小。在本地物种的清单中，Shannon 诱捕器是收集成蚊最有效的采集技术，而吸管采样器是收集幼虫最有效的采集技术。结果强调了随着不同蚊虫采集技术的纳入，所收集的不同分类单元数量的增加，这证实了在探索更多生态位时，使用几种策略来充分采样当地蚊虫区系的重要性。CSP 是本地和引入蚊虫物种的避难所和栖息地，在那里可以形成新的生物群落，包括病原体、脊椎动物宿主和媒介，从而导致当地人群中的人畜共患病爆发。
