ISISE, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Coimbra, Luis Reis Dos Santos 290, Coimbra, Portugal; INTERRA, Lambda, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
INTERRA, Lambda, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Environ Res. 2020 Dec;191:110055. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110055. Epub 2020 Aug 15.
Noise pollution is a major environmental problem due to its impact on human health and implications for other spheres of society. Since road traffic is the main source of noise pollution, the use of measurement methodologies to accurately determine the environmental noise levels to which the façades of buildings in cities are exposed is an important issue. This paper presents an experimental study in urban environments that uses different configurations to evaluate the influence of the position of the microphone and the parking lanes on the levels of road traffic noise to which the population is exposed. In urban settings in which sound waves propagate without obstacles between the lanes of traffic and the receivers, broadband results for the differences between noise levels measured by microphones placed at heights of 4.0 and 1.5 m showed a significant increase with an increase in the distance between the microphone and sound source of between -0.8 and 0.9 dBA over a range from 2 to 8 m. This difference between the two microphones was greater at points where a lane of parked vehicles was located between the road traffic lanes and the receivers were placed near the façades of building. At the same heights, the broadband difference in sound levels ranged from 2.7 to 4.5 dBA. This acoustic shielding effect due to the presence of parked vehicles started to be relevant in the 250 Hz band and increased progressively with frequency. Taking into account these experimental results and the recommendations in the European Noise Directive, it would be important to apply corrections to sound indicators for road traffic noise that are related to the height of the microphone. Making a distinction between urban configurations with and without lines of parked vehicles between the microphone and the road traffic lanes would be advisable.
噪声污染是一个主要的环境问题，因为它会对人类健康产生影响，并对社会的其他领域产生影响。由于道路交通是噪声污染的主要来源，因此使用测量方法来准确确定建筑物外墙所暴露的环境噪声水平是一个重要问题。本文在城市环境中进行了一项实验研究，使用不同的配置来评估麦克风位置和停车道对暴露于道路交通噪声水平的人群的影响。在城市环境中，声波在车道和接收器之间没有障碍物传播，宽带结果显示，放置在 4.0 和 1.5 米高度的麦克风测量的噪声水平之间的差异，随着麦克风与声源之间的距离增加 0.8 至 0.9 dBA，在 2 至 8 米的范围内显著增加。在车道之间存在停放车辆的位置以及接收器放置在建筑物外墙附近的情况下，两个麦克风之间的这种差异更大。在相同的高度，声级的宽带差异范围为 2.7 至 4.5 dBA。由于停放车辆的存在而产生的这种声屏蔽效应在 250 Hz 频段开始变得相关，并随着频率的增加而逐渐增加。考虑到这些实验结果和欧洲噪声指令中的建议，对与麦克风高度相关的道路交通噪声的声音指标进行修正将非常重要。区分存在和不存在麦克风与道路交通车道之间的停放车辆的城市配置将是明智的。
