Labeled-protein corona-coated BiS nanorods targeted to lysosomes for bioimaging and efficient photothermal cancer therapy.

One of the main diseases contributing to human death are malignant tumors. Phototherapy is a promising approach for cancer therapy, and functional nanoparticles with targeting ligands are commonly used to improve the therapeutic efficiency. However, recent studies have shown that nanoparticles in contact with a biological fluid can rapidly form a "protein corona" on their surface, which will remarkably decrease the targeting ability. Here, we describe the preparation of hybrid nanomaterials with BiS nanorods as the core, and fluorescein-isothiocyanate and folic acid-modified human serum albumin (HSA-FITC-FA) as the shell. By using fluorescent binding label (FITC) and imaging techniques, we discovered the image of the cell lysosomes, indicating that the photothermal therapy agent was predominantly targeted to and accumulated in lysosomes. Combined with photothermal therapy agent (BiS nanorods) and targeting ligand (FA), the obtained product shows enhanced photothermal therapy under near-infrared region laser irradiation. Additionally, SDS-PAGE shows that the modified HSA shell could remarkably reduce the reabsorption of protein corona from blood serum, minimized the adverse effect of protein corona on targetability. Taken together, the results indicate that our strategy has the potential for preparing efficient photothermal nanomaterials with image-guided subcellular organelle-targeting cancer cell ablation ability.