Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Reproduction. 2020 Nov;160(5):R111-R118. doi: 10.1530/REP-20-0337.
According to The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, the intrauterine environment of the developing fetus may impact later life physiology, including susceptibility to chronic disease conditions. Maternal exposures during pregnancy can affect the intrauterine environment and result in fetal programming for chronic diseases through changes in the structure or function of specific organs. Negative maternal exposures, such as poor nutrition intake, have been shown to increase the risk for later life chronic diseases. On the contrary, healthful behaviors, such as physical activity, may have a positive and protective effect against chronic disease risk. This narrative review summarizes literature to discuss the potential preventative role prenatal physical activity may have on prevalent chronic diseases: obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. We describe the natural physiological response to pregnancy that may increase the risk for complications and consequently later life disease for both mother and baby. We then present evidence highlighting the role prenatal exercise may have in preventing pregnancy complications and downstream chronic disease development, as well as proposing potential mechanisms that may explain the protective maternal and fetal physiological response to exercise. As the prevalence of these non-communicable diseases increase globally, intervening during pregnancy with an effective exercise intervention may be the key to preventing chronic disease risk in more than one generation.
根据健康与疾病的发育起源理论，发育中胎儿的宫内环境可能会影响后期的生理机能，包括易患慢性疾病的倾向。孕妇在怀孕期间的暴露可能会通过改变特定器官的结构或功能而影响宫内环境，并导致胎儿对慢性疾病的编程。已证实，负面的母体暴露，如营养摄入不良，会增加以后生活中慢性疾病的风险。相反，健康的行为，如身体活动，可能对慢性疾病风险具有积极和保护作用。本综述性文章总结了文献，讨论了产前身体活动对肥胖、2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病等常见慢性疾病的潜在预防作用。我们描述了妊娠的自然生理反应，这可能会增加并发症的风险，并最终导致母婴后期生活中的疾病。然后，我们提出了证据，强调了产前运动在预防妊娠并发症和下游慢性疾病发展方面的作用，并提出了可能的机制来解释运动对母体和胎儿的保护生理反应。随着这些非传染性疾病在全球范围内的流行，在怀孕期间进行有效的运动干预可能是预防不止一代人慢性疾病风险的关键。
