Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Oct;265(Pt A):115106. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115106. Epub 2020 Jun 24.
The conversion of natural forests to tea plantations largely affects soil nitrous oxide (NO) emissions and soil microbial communities. However, the impacts of this conversion on the contribution of fungi to NO emission and on fungal community structure remain unclear. In this study, we determined the soil NO emission rate, NO production by fungi, associated fungal community diversity, and related ecological factors in chronological changes of tea crop systems (3, 36 and 105 years old tea orchards named T3, T36 and T105, respectively), and in an adjacent soil from a natural forest. The results indicate that the tea plantations significantly enhanced soil NO production compared with the forest soil. Tea plantations significantly decreased soil pH and C/N ratio, but increased soil inorganic nitrogen (N). Furthermore, they increased the fungal contribution to the production of soil NO, but decreased the bacterial counterpart. We also observed that fungal community and functional composition differed distinctly between tea plantations and forest. Additionally, most of the fungal groups in high NO emission soils (T36 and T105) were identified as the genus Fusarium, which were positively correlated with soil NO emissions. The variation in NO emission response could be well explained by NO-N, soil organic carbon (SOC), C/N, and Fusarium, which contributed to up to 97% of the observed variance. Altogether, these findings provide significant direct evidence that the increase of soil NO emissions and fungal communities be attributed to the conversion of natural forest to tea plantations.
将天然林转换为茶园在很大程度上影响土壤一氧化二氮（NO）排放和土壤微生物群落。然而，这种转换对真菌对 NO 排放的贡献以及真菌群落结构的影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们确定了茶园系统（分别为 3 年、36 年和 105 年的茶园 T3、T36 和 T105）和相邻天然林土壤中真菌多样性、相关生态因子的时空变化与土壤一氧化二氮排放率、真菌产生的 NO、相关真菌群落的关系。结果表明，与森林土壤相比，茶园显著提高了土壤 NO 的产生。茶园显著降低了土壤 pH 值和 C/N 比，但增加了土壤无机氮（N）。此外，它们增加了真菌对土壤 NO 产生的贡献，但降低了细菌的贡献。我们还观察到，真菌群落和功能组成在茶园和森林之间明显不同。此外，高 NO 排放土壤（T36 和 T105）中的大多数真菌群被鉴定为镰刀菌属，与土壤 NO 排放呈正相关。NO-N、土壤有机碳（SOC）、C/N 和镰刀菌对 NO 排放的变异解释得很好，它们解释了观察到的变异的 97%。总的来说，这些发现提供了重要的直接证据，表明土壤 NO 排放和真菌群落的增加归因于将天然林转换为茶园。
