College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Oct;265(Pt A):115115. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115115. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
Though invertebrates are one of the largest groups of animal species in the sea and exhibit robust immune and neural responses that are crucial for their health and survival, the potential immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity of the most produced chemical bisphenol A (BPA), especially in conjunction with microplastics (MPs), still remain poorly understood in marine invertebrate species. Therefore, the impacts of exposure to BPA and MPs alone or in combination on a series of immune and neural biomarkers were investigated in the invertebrate bivalve species blood clam (Tegillarca granosa). Evident immunotoxicity as indicated by alterations in hematic indexes was observed after two weeks of exposure to BPA and MPs at environmentally realistic concentrations. The expression of four immune-related genes from the NFκB signaling pathway was also found to be significantly suppressed by the BPA and MP treatment. In addition, exposure to BPA and MPs led to an increase in the in vivo contents of three key neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, and ACh) but a decrease in the expression of genes encoding modulatory enzymes and receptors for these neurotransmitters, implying the evident neurotoxicity of BPA and MPs to blood clam. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the toxic impacts exerted by BPA were significantly aggravated by the co-presence of MPs, which may be due to interactions between BPA and MPs as well as those between MPs and clam individuals.
尽管无脊椎动物是海洋中最大的动物物种群体之一，它们具有强大的免疫和神经反应，这对它们的健康和生存至关重要，但最常见的化学物质双酚 A（BPA）的潜在免疫毒性和神经毒性，特别是与微塑料（MPs）结合时，在海洋无脊椎动物物种中仍然知之甚少。因此，研究了单独或联合暴露于 BPA 和 MPs 对一系列免疫和神经生物标志物在无脊椎双壳贝类血蛤（Tegillarca granosa）中的影响。在两周内暴露于环境现实浓度的 BPA 和 MPs 后，观察到血液指标的改变表明存在明显的免疫毒性。还发现 NFκB 信号通路的四个免疫相关基因的表达也被 BPA 和 MP 处理显著抑制。此外，暴露于 BPA 和 MPs 导致三种关键神经递质（GABA、DA 和 ACh）的体内含量增加，但编码这些神经递质的调节酶和受体的基因表达减少，这表明 BPA 和 MPs 对血蛤具有明显的神经毒性。此外，研究结果表明，BPA 的毒性影响因 MPs 的共同存在而显著加剧，这可能是由于 BPA 和 MPs 之间以及 MPs 和蛤个体之间的相互作用所致。
