Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 52071 Granada, Melilla, Spain.
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 52071 Granada, Melilla, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 12;17(16):5826. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165826.
One of the most representative symptoms during childbirth is pain, which is one of the most prominent concerns of pregnant women. There are different instruments to assess pain, all of which require interrupting the woman, thus interfering with the intimacy of childbirth. This study seeks to develop and validate a rating scale of the expression of childbirth pain that does not require the mother's attention and respects her privacy during labor. The study was conducted at a regional hospital in a border town in southern Spain between November 2018 and September 2019. Scale items were developed following a review of the scientific literature, and experts judged the content validity. After a pilot test, the scale was psychometrically evaluated. The psychometric tests consisted of internal consistency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and determination of the content, construct, and convergent validity. The scale was evaluated by 36 experts in the field and was then applied to 55 women during the active phase of childbirth. The final version of the Rating Scale of Pain Expression during Childbirth (in Spanish, -ESVADOPA) consists of six items in two dimensions. The scale had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78, and the content validity measured by Aiken's V co-efficient was also 0.78. The exploratory factor analysis yielded two dimensions that explained 68.08% of the total variance. For convergent validity, a comparison was made with the visual analogue scale, yielding a medium-high value of 0.641. As indicated by the internal consistency and by the content and construct validity outcomes, the ESVADOPA successfully measures pain expression during childbirth and represents a suitable tool for pain expression during birth without the need for intervention or the need for the mother to speak the same language as the midwife.
分娩过程中最具代表性的症状之一是疼痛，这也是孕妇最关心的问题之一。有不同的工具来评估疼痛，所有这些都需要中断产妇，从而干扰分娩的亲密性。本研究旨在开发和验证一种不要求母亲注意且在分娩过程中尊重其隐私的分娩疼痛表达评分量表。该研究于 2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 9 月在西班牙南部边境城镇的一家地区医院进行。量表项目是在对科学文献进行回顾后制定的，专家对内容有效性进行了判断。经过试点测试后，对量表进行了心理测量评估。心理测量测试包括内部一致性分析、探索性因素分析以及内容、结构和收敛有效性的确定。该量表由该领域的 36 名专家进行评估，然后在分娩活跃期应用于 55 名妇女。分娩疼痛表达评分量表（西班牙语：-ESVADOPA）的最终版本由两个维度的六个项目组成。该量表的 Cronbach's alpha 系数为 0.78，Aiken's V 系数测量的内容有效性也为 0.78。探索性因素分析得出了两个维度，解释了总方差的 68.08%。对于收敛有效性，与视觉模拟量表进行了比较，得出了 0.641 的中高值。根据内部一致性以及内容和结构有效性结果，ESVADOPA 成功测量了分娩过程中的疼痛表达，是一种无需干预且无需产妇与助产士讲同一种语言即可表达分娩疼痛的合适工具。
