Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
BMC Psychol. 2020 Aug 17;8(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00458-6.
This study aimed to investigate the association between time preference (i.e., time discounting and hyperbolic time discounting) and personal values (the areas of priority values and commitment to value) in a sample of adult community residents in Japan.
Data from respondents (N = 2787) who completed the wave 1 and 3 surveys of a three-wave panel study of adult community residents in municipalities in Tokyo and suburban areas spanning 2010-2017 were analysed. Time discount rate and hyperbolic discount were measured using a three-item choice-based scale at the wave 1. Areas of priority value at present and at age 15 were measured by 11 questions for different value areas at the wave 3; the commitment to value at present and age 15 was measured by the Personal Value Questionnaire-II (PVQ-II) at the wave 3. Linear regression analyses were conducted of priority areas of values and commitment to value on time preference indicators, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and childhood socioeconomic status.
After excluding those with missing responses, data from 1880 and 1958 respondents were subject to analyses on time discounting and hyperbolic time discounting, respectively. Time discount rate was significantly and negatively associated with the value area of maintaining a stable life at present. Hyperbolic time discounting was significantly and negatively associated with the commitment to value at age 15.
There may be an association between time preference and personal values. Time discounting and hyperbolic time discounting may be associated with different aspects of personal values, i.e., area of priority values and commitment to value, respectively.
本研究旨在探讨日本成年社区居民样本中时间偏好（即时间贴现和双曲线时间贴现）与个人价值观（优先价值观领域和对价值观的承诺）之间的关系。
对参加 2010-2017 年横跨东京市和郊区的成年社区居民三波面板研究中完成第一波和第三波调查的被试（n=2787）的数据进行了分析。在第一波调查中使用三项目选择式量表测量时间贴现率和双曲线贴现率；在第三波调查中通过 11 个不同价值观领域的问题来衡量当前和 15 岁时的优先价值观领域；在第三波调查中通过个人价值观问卷-II（PVQ-II）来衡量当前和 15 岁时的对价值观的承诺。在调整了社会人口统计学变量和童年期社会经济地位后，对时间偏好指标上的优先价值观领域和对价值观的承诺进行了线性回归分析。
在排除有缺失反应的被试后，对 1880 名和 1958 名被试的数据分别进行了时间贴现和双曲线时间贴现的分析。时间贴现率与当前维持稳定生活的价值观领域呈显著负相关。双曲线时间贴现与 15 岁时的对价值观的承诺呈显著负相关。
时间偏好与个人价值观之间可能存在关联。时间贴现和双曲线时间贴现可能分别与个人价值观的不同方面有关，即优先价值观领域和对价值观的承诺。
