EMS High-Altitude Field Prophylaxis And Treatment

The three illnesses associated with an ascent to altitudes 8,000 ft (high altitude) or more above sea level include: Acute mountain sickness (AMS). High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). These represent a spectrum of diseases with similar pathophysiology but increasing severity. Successful treatment of these conditions requires accurate recognition and prompt response.  The Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) publishes regularly updated evidence-based guidelines for treatment. This article summarizes the guidelines in a way that is helpful for first responders and medical personnel responding to these high-altitude emergencies.