Departments of Pathology, and.
Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Am J Dermatopathol. 2020 Dec;42(12):956-960. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000001774.
Melanomas with complete histological regression have been seen very infrequently. On the other hand, the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma is based on the histopathology and positivity of markers such as S100, Melan-A, and HMB-45 whose sensitivity is 99%, 82%, and 76%, respectively. It is very rare that metastatic melanomas and even more primary melanoma are negative for all of these markers. In these rare cases, there is usually a known primary. We present the case of a 82-year-old woman with a erythematous mass in the left groin and a 1-cm black-bluish irregular nodule on the skin of the ipsilateral foot. This lesion was clinical and dermoscopically compatible with primary melanoma. In the histological evaluation of the skin, a dermis full of melanophages and hemosiderophages were found in a background of fibrosis, scarce lymphocytic infiltrate, and neovascularization. Any cells expressing melanocytic markers were observed. It was diagnosed as tumoral melanosis. Lymph nodes showed a proliferation of atypical epithelioid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitosis was conspicuous. Tumoral cells were vimentin and CD99 positive, and S100, CD34, HMB-45, Melan-A, SOX 10, tyrosinase, C-KIT, CD45, and CKAE1/AE3 negative, and BRAF-V600 mutated was detected. During follow-up, atypical vitiligo-like lesions were discovered, suggesting the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma totally regressed in our patient.
完全组织学消退的黑色素瘤非常罕见。另一方面,转移性黑色素瘤的诊断基于组织病理学和 S100、Melan-A 和 HMB-45 等标志物的阳性,其敏感性分别为 99%、82%和 76%。转移性黑色素瘤甚至所有原发性黑色素瘤均对所有这些标志物均呈阴性的情况非常罕见。在这些罕见的情况下,通常有已知的原发性疾病。我们报告了一例 82 岁女性病例,其左侧腹股沟处有红斑性肿块,同侧足部皮肤有 1cm 大小的蓝黑色不规则结节。该病变在临床和皮肤镜下与原发性黑色素瘤一致。在皮肤的组织学评估中,在纤维化背景下发现充满黑素细胞和含铁血黄素细胞的真皮,淋巴细胞浸润稀少,并有新血管生成。观察到任何表达黑色素细胞标志物的细胞。诊断为肿瘤性黑色素沉着症。淋巴结显示出增生的具有嗜酸性细胞质的不典型上皮样细胞。有丝分裂明显。肿瘤细胞表达波形蛋白和 CD99,S100、CD34、HMB-45、Melan-A、SOX 10、酪氨酸酶、C-KIT、CD45 和 CKAE1/AE3 阴性,检测到 BRAF-V600 突变。在随访期间,发现了非典型的白癜风样病变,提示我们的患者完全消退的转移性黑色素瘤的诊断。