Des Jarlais D C, Friedman S R, Stoneburner R L
New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services, New York 10027.
Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Jan-Feb;10(1):151-8. doi: 10.1093/clinids/10.1.151.
As the second largest group of persons to have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the most likely to transmit HIV to heterosexual partners in the United States and Europe, iv drug users will play an increasingly important role in the future of the AIDS epidemic. This paper reviews five emerging critical issues regarding HIV infection among iv drug users. In epidemiology, rates of drug injection and anonymous sharing of injection equipment appear related to rapid spread of HIV among iv drug users, while heterosexual transmission from iv drug users appears to have been occurring at a relatively slow but constant rate. Data exist that support a gender-related cofactor and a continuing drug injection cofactor, but mechanisms for these potential cofactors have not been determined. Besides frank AIDS, HIV infection also appears to lead to epidemic-level increases in a variety of fatal infections among iv drug users. Several studies of prevention show active risk reduction among iv drug users, but new methods are urgently needed to increase amount of risk reduction.
作为感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的第二大群体，且在美国和欧洲最有可能将HIV传播给异性伴侣，静脉注射吸毒者在未来艾滋病流行中将发挥越来越重要的作用。本文综述了关于静脉注射吸毒者中HIV感染的五个新出现的关键问题。在流行病学方面，药物注射率和注射设备的匿名共享似乎与HIV在静脉注射吸毒者中的快速传播有关，而静脉注射吸毒者的异性传播似乎一直以相对缓慢但稳定的速度发生。有数据支持与性别相关的辅助因素和持续的药物注射辅助因素，但这些潜在辅助因素的机制尚未确定。除了明显的艾滋病外，HIV感染似乎还导致静脉注射吸毒者中各种致命感染的流行水平增加。几项预防研究表明静脉注射吸毒者积极降低了风险，但迫切需要新的方法来增加风险降低的程度。
