树突棘：衰老和阿尔茨海默病中认知弹性的中介。
Dendritic Spines: Mediators of Cognitive Resilience in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.
机构信息
Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
出版信息
Neuroscientist. 2021 Oct;27(5):487-505. doi: 10.1177/1073858420945964. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
Abstract
Cognitive resilience is often defined as the ability to remain cognitively normal in the face of insults to the brain. These insults can include disease pathology, such as plaques and tangles associated with Alzheimer's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other lesions. Factors such as physical or mental activity and genetics may contribute to cognitive resilience, but the neurobiological underpinnings remain ill-defined. Emerging evidence suggests that dendritic spine structural plasticity is one plausible mechanism. In this review, we highlight the basic structure and function of dendritic spines and discuss how spine density and morphology change in aging and Alzheimer's disease. We note evidence that spine plasticity mediates resilience to stress, and we tackle dendritic spines in the context of cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we examine how lifestyle and genetic factors may influence dendritic spine plasticity to promote cognitive resilience before discussing evidence for actin regulatory kinases as therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease.
摘要
认知弹性通常被定义为在面对大脑损伤时保持认知正常的能力。这些损伤包括疾病病理，如与阿尔茨海默病、中风、创伤性脑损伤或其他病变相关的斑块和缠结。身体或精神活动和遗传等因素可能有助于认知弹性，但神经生物学基础仍不明确。新出现的证据表明，树突棘的结构可塑性是一种合理的机制。在这篇综述中，我们强调了树突棘的基本结构和功能，并讨论了在衰老和阿尔茨海默病中，树突棘密度和形态如何发生变化。我们注意到有证据表明，棘突可塑性介导了对压力的弹性，我们在阿尔茨海默病认知弹性的背景下探讨了树突棘。最后，我们研究了生活方式和遗传因素如何影响树突棘的可塑性，以促进认知弹性，然后讨论肌动蛋白调节激酶作为阿尔茨海默病治疗靶点的证据。
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