Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
EMBO Mol Med. 2020 Oct 7;12(10):e12899. doi: 10.15252/emmm.202012899. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
Intellectual disability (ID) is a condition that affects approximately 1% of the population (Maulik et al, 2011). The numbers may differ across nations, owing to different systems and diagnosis entries or lack of such, but usually range between 0.6 and 3% (Stromme & Valvatne, 1998). Persons with ID are a heterogeneous group with different diagnoses and different levels of intellectual ability. These range from profound (IQ < 20) and serious ID (IQ 20-34) to moderate (IQ 35-49) and light ID (IQ 50-69); this roughly translates into the intellectual capacity of children between 3-12 years of age. More than 75% of persons with ID have the mild form and their intellectual capacity and potential may be underestimated in some cases if IQ is the only diagnostic criteria. However, the range in itself is an important factor to take into account when addressing nutrition and health issues. It is further important to recognize that ID is also a feature of several rare disorders, and many disorders not yet identified, adding to the complexity of this group.
智力残疾（ID）是一种影响大约 1%人口的疾病（Maulik 等人，2011 年）。由于各国的系统和诊断条目不同，或者缺乏这种系统和诊断条目，因此数字可能会有所不同，但通常在 0.6%至 3%之间（Stromme 和 Valvatne，1998 年）。智力残疾患者是一个异质群体，具有不同的诊断和不同程度的智力能力。这些范围从严重（智商<20）和严重智力残疾（智商 20-34）到中度（智商 35-49）和轻度智力残疾（智商 50-69）；这大致相当于 3-12 岁儿童的智力能力。超过 75%的智力残疾患者为轻度，在某些情况下，如果智商是唯一的诊断标准，他们的智力能力和潜力可能会被低估。然而，这种范围本身就是在解决营养和健康问题时需要考虑的一个重要因素。同样重要的是要认识到，ID 也是几种罕见疾病的特征，还有许多尚未确定的疾病，这增加了这一群体的复杂性。
