Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
Biocompatibles UK Ltd (a BTG International group company), Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, GU15 3YL, UK.
J Mater Chem B. 2020 Sep 23;8(36):8207-8218. doi: 10.1039/d0tb01576h.
Liquid formulations have a well-established role in therapeutic embolisation of blood vessels with the widespread use of cyanoacrylate glues, precipitating polymer suspensions, sclerosing agents and viscous emulsions of oil and chemotherapeutic agents. There is currently an emerging market for next generation liquid embolics which aim to address some of the short-comings of the currently used products. These next generation systems use varying chemistries in their approach to formulate new systems including polymerising, precipitating and phase-transitioning mechanisms to form solidified masses in situ within the vasculature. Some of these emerging technologies have been developed to possess improved imaging properties such as inherent radiopacity, rather than relying on having to mixing with radiopaque materials such as tantalum powder and reduction of X-ray imaging artefacts (streaking). Others offer solvent-free formulations which gel on contact with blood thereby allowing precise control over gel formation during the embolisation process without the use of potentially toxic solvents. In this review, we discuss the role of liquid agents in therapeutic embolisation and the potential of emerging technologies under development for use in the next generation of embolics.
液体制剂在使用氰基丙烯酸酯胶、沉淀聚合物悬浮液、硬化剂和油和化疗药物的粘性乳液对血管进行治疗性栓塞方面具有成熟的作用。目前，新一代液体栓塞剂的市场正在兴起，旨在解决目前使用的产品的一些缺点。这些新一代系统在其方法中使用不同的化学物质来配制新的系统，包括聚合、沉淀和相转变机制，以在血管内原位形成固化物质。其中一些新兴技术旨在具有改进的成像特性，例如固有射线不透性，而不是依赖于必须与诸如钽粉之类的射线不透性材料混合并减少 X 射线成像伪影（条纹）。其他技术提供无溶剂制剂，与血液接触时会凝胶，从而允许在栓塞过程中精确控制凝胶形成，而无需使用潜在有毒的溶剂。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了液体制剂在治疗性栓塞中的作用以及正在开发的新兴技术在下一代栓塞剂中的应用潜力。
