Chemistry Department, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España, 1680, Valparaíso, Chile; Center of Biotechnology "Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt", Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, General Bari 699, Valparaíso, Chile.
Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2020 Oct;155:437-443. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.048. Epub 2020 Jul 28.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial obligate symbionts of plant roots. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) participate in plant communication and defence. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae IMA1 on VOCs in Vitis vinifera cv. Sangiovese leaf tissue. Grapevine plants inoculated with F. mosseae IMA1 were incubated for 23 weeks. VOCs were extracted from leaves and identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to GC-MS. VOCs in leaf tissue were strongly enhanced (85%) by F. mosseae IMA1. The mycorrhizal fungus IMA1 modified the levels of specific VOCs synthesised in different anabolic pathways. An increase in volatiles that have been related to plant defences under pathogen/herbivore attack or linked to water stress, such as (E)-2-hexenal, 3-hexenal, geraniol, benzaldehyde and methyl salicylate, was observed in mycorrhizal plants. In contrast, some C-norisoprenoids decreased strongly in mycorrhizal plants. The study of the effects of AMF on VOCs in grapevine plants may provide useful information to establish sustainable viticultural practices.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是植物根系的有益专性共生体。挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）参与植物的通讯和防御。本研究旨在分析丛枝菌根真菌 Funneliformis mosseae IMA1 对酿酒葡萄（Vitis vinifera cv. Sangiovese）叶片组织 VOCs 的影响。接种 F. mosseae IMA1 的葡萄植株经 23 周培养。采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合 GC-MS 从叶片中提取 VOCs 并进行鉴定。F. mosseae IMA1 强烈增强了叶片组织中的 VOCs（85%）。该菌根真菌 IMA1 改变了不同合成途径中特定 VOCs 的水平。在菌根植物中观察到与病原体/食草动物攻击下植物防御或与水分胁迫有关的挥发性物质（E）-2-己烯醛、3-己烯醛、香叶醇、苯甲醛和甲基水杨酸的增加，而一些 C-异戊二烯则在菌根植物中强烈减少。研究 AMF 对葡萄植株 VOCs 的影响，可为建立可持续的葡萄栽培实践提供有用信息。
